PHP中的序列化方法性能对比

对比以下四个方法

1、json_encode
序列化后可阅读，多语言通用协议。

2、serialize
序列化后可阅读，非通用协议，只能用在PHP。

3、swoole_serialize
序列化后不可阅读，非通用协议，只能用在PHP。

4、msgpack
序列化后不可阅读，多语言通用协议。

PHP版本 7.2.27

安装扩展

pecl install swoole_serialize-0.1.1
pecl install msgpack

extension=msgpack
extension=swoole_serialize

php --ri msgpack
php --ri swoole_serialize

使用 var_export($list, true) 原样导出数组

$arr = array(
    0 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 673,
            'userid'      => 209778,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-17 15:26:40',
        ),
    1 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 675,
            'userid'      => 4887823,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-17 20:32:17',
        ),
    2 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 680,
            'userid'      => 4987463,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-18 17:45:58',
        ),
    3 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 681,
            'userid'      => 4987463,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 30,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-18 17:50:28',
        ),
    4 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 686,
            'userid'      => 4987463,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 30,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-18 21:13:17',
        ),
    5 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 689,
            'userid'      => 4987463,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 30,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-19 00:10:00',
        ),
    6 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 694,
            'userid'      => 5026514,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-19 07:46:00',
        ),
    7 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 698,
            'userid'      => 5061307,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-19 12:42:48',
        ),
    8 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 699,
            'userid'      => 5061307,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 5,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-19 12:44:40',
        ),
    9 =>
        array(
            'id'          => 700,
            'userid'      => 5061307,
            'activity_id' => 27,
            'from_type'   => 1,
            'type'        => 127,
            'award_type'  => 1,
            'award_value' => 10,
            'createtime'  => '2020-02-19 12:45:40',
        ),
);
for ($j = 0; $j < 7; $j++) {
    $arr = array_merge($arr, $arr);
}

echo count($arr) . '个元素' . PHP_EOL;

function encode($arr)
{
    $s1 = json_encode($arr);
    $s2 = serialize($arr);
    $s3 = swoole_pack($arr);
    $s4 = msgpack_pack($arr);

    $l1 = strlen($s1);
    $l2 = strlen($s2);
    $l3 = strlen($s3);
    $l4 = strlen($s4);

    echo "字节长度：" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "1、json:         {$l1}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "2、serialize:    {$l2}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "3、swoole_pack:  {$l3}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "4、msgpack_pack: {$l4}" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;

    $max = 5000;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        json_encode($arr);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t1  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        serialize($arr);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t2  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        swoole_pack($arr);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t3  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        msgpack_pack($arr);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t4  = $end - $start;

    echo "序列化耗时：" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "1、json:         {$t1}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "2、serialize:    {$t2}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "3、swoole_pack:  {$t3}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "4、msgpack_pack: {$t4}" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        json_decode($s1, true);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t1  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        unserialize($s2);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t2  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        swoole_unpack($s3);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t3  = $end - $start;

    $start = microtime(true);
    for ($i = 0; $i < $max; $i++) {
        msgpack_unpack($s4);
    }
    $end = microtime(true);
    $t4  = $end - $start;

    echo "反序列化耗时：" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "1、json:         {$t1}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "2、serialize:    {$t2}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "3、swoole_pack:  {$t3}" . PHP_EOL;
    echo "4、msgpack_pack: {$t4}" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;
}

encode($arr);

打印结果

由此可见：

• swoole_pack 可将数据压缩的最小，并且耗时最小，但只能用在PHP语言；
• msgpack_pack 耗时和 serialize 差不多，但是数据压缩的更小，并且多语言通用协议；
• 如果数据存储在redis，那么数据压缩比例是个很重要的指标；
• serialize 和 json 相比，占用存储空间大，但耗时缩短了一倍；
• 很明显反序列化的耗时是序列化的3倍左右；