NIO-实践

NIO用于高性能Socket编程由来已久，网络也有较为丰富的原理和源代码。我这里主要介绍几点经验总结：

 

1.Selector.select()在筛选就绪的SelectionKey的时候，采用的是阻塞模式。同时只要在就绪的SelectionKey列表中有至少一个SelectionKey存在，前述方法均将返回。

   SocketChannel被Selector检查，检查其声称可以接受的状态是否已经产生，如当SocketChannel在向Selector注册是设置了可接受状态为Read，此时当SocketChannel接收到数据后将进入可读状态。

   如果需要实现一个线程或有效个线程负责对SocketChannel数据的读操作，为了保证线程安全，同一时间需要保证只有一个线程在负责读操作。即需要采用SelectionKey.cancel()从注册的Selector中取消对该Selection的监视，防止同时多个线程获取到SelectionKey的事件

 

2.注册在向Selector注册通道的时候，如果register方法抛出KeyCancelledException表明，当前正在注册的SocketChannel在前一阶段已经注册过，但对应的SelectionKey已处于Cancel状态，此时，应该将通道的注册至于Selector.select()之后注册，这样可以在注册通道时保证SelectionKey的状态不为cancel

 

 

本文粘贴多线程在NIO环境下的基本运用示例代码，同时演示了一个线程如何对多个连接进行读写的操作。

注：本源代码部分源于 “Java NIO原理和使用 ” http://www.jdon.com/concurrent/nio%D4%AD%C0%ED%D3%A6%D3%C3.htm

 

 

import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.Selector; import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * 说明:本类源于 “Java NIO原理和使用 ” http://www.jdon.com/concurrent/nio%D4%AD%C0%ED%D3%A6%D3%C3.htm * * 我对源代码进行了部分修改，添加了两个独立的Reader和Writer线程。测试时可以采用Telnet的方式进行测试 * * rawbean@163.com * * @author Administrator * @version */ public class NBTest { private static final List<SelectionKey> keyPool = new ArrayList<SelectionKey>(); private static Selector selector = null; /** Creates new NBTest */ public NBTest() { } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void startServer() throws Exception { int channels = 0; int nKeys = 0; // 使用Selector selector = Selector.open(); // 建立Channel 并绑定到9000端口 ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open(); InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress("0.0.0.0", 9000); ssc.socket().bind(address); // 使设定non-blocking的方式。 ssc.configureBlocking(false); // 向Selector注册Channel及我们有兴趣的事件 SelectionKey s = ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); printKeyInfo(s); while (true) // 不断的轮询 { debug("----------------------------------------------------------"); debug("NBTest: Starting select"); // Selector通过select方法通知我们我们感兴趣的事件发生了。 nKeys = selector.select(); //在select之后，当select动作进行时，可以将cancel的SelectionKey清除，避免在SelectionKey被Cancel后注册其对应的通道时发生异常（CancelledKeyException） synchronized (keyPool) { while(!keyPool.isEmpty()){ System.out.println("register new channle"); SelectionKey key = keyPool.remove(0); SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); try{ sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ|SelectionKey.OP_WRITE); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } // 如果有我们注册的事情发生了，它的传回值就会大于0 if (nKeys > 0) { debug("NBTest: Number of ready keys after select operation: " + nKeys); // Selector传回一组SelectionKeys // 我们从这些key中的channel()方法中取得我们刚刚注册的channel。 Set selectedKeys = selector.selectedKeys(); Iterator i = selectedKeys.iterator(); while (i.hasNext()) { s = (SelectionKey) i.next(); printKeyInfo(s); debug("NBTest: Keys in selector: "+ selector.keys().size()); // 一个key被处理完成后，就都被从就绪关键字（ready keys）列表中除去 i.remove(); if (s.isAcceptable()) { // 从channel()中取得我们刚刚注册的channel。 Socket socket = ((ServerSocketChannel) s.channel()) .accept().socket(); SocketChannel sc = socket.getChannel(); sc.configureBlocking(false); sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE); System.out.println(++channels); } if(s.isReadable()){ debug("NBTest: process read event"); Reader.addKeys(s); debug("NBTest: read event after add Keys"); } if(s.isWritable()){ debug("NBTest：process write event"); Writer.addKeys(s); } if(s.isReadable()||s.isWritable()){ s.cancel(); } } } else { debug("NBTest: Select finished without any keys."); } } } /** * 当某个线程完成对通道的操作后，需要将对应的通道交由Selector继续监视 * @param key */ public static void addPool(SelectionKey key){ synchronized (keyPool) { keyPool.add(key); if(selector != null){ selector.wakeup(); } } } private static void debug(String s) { System.out.println(s); } private static void printKeyInfo(SelectionKey sk) { String s = new String(); s = "Att: " + (sk.attachment() == null ? "no" : "yes")+"/n"; s += ", Read: " + sk.isReadable()+"/n"; s += ", Acpt: " + sk.isAcceptable()+"/n"; s += ", Cnct: " + sk.isConnectable()+"/n"; s += ", Wrt: " + sk.isWritable()+"/n"; s += ", Valid: " + sk.isValid()+"/n"; s += ", Ops: " + sk.interestOps(); debug(s); } /** * @param args * the command line arguments */ public static void main(String args[]) { try { /** * 一个读线程即可完成多个连接的读数据操作 * 一个写线程可以向多个连接发送数据 */ for(int i=0;i<1;i++){ new Reader().start(); new Writer().start(); } NBTest nbTest = new NBTest(); nbTest.startServer(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

 

import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 读线程，负责对就绪的通道进行读操作 * * rawbean@163.com * * @author Robin * */ public class Reader extends Thread{ private static List<SelectionKey> keys = new ArrayList<SelectionKey>(); public static void addKeys(SelectionKey key){ synchronized (keys) { System.out.println("add key : size="+keys.size()); keys.add(key); keys.notifyAll(); } } public void run(){ System.out.println("reader thread launched"); while(true){ SelectionKey key = null; synchronized (keys) { if(keys.size()>0){ key = keys.remove(0); }else{ try { keys.wait(); continue; } catch (InterruptedException e) { continue; } } } read(key); } } public void read(SelectionKey key){ while(true){ System.out.println("reading data"); SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); try { ByteBuffer bf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); int ret = sc.read(bf); if(ret == -1){ System.out.println("client disconnected"); sc.socket().close(); sc.close(); return; }else if(ret == 0){ //通道中无数据可读，应将当前通道交由Selector继续监视 NBTest.addPool(key); return; } int readCount = bf.position();//或者ret System.out.println("Reade bytes:"+readCount); System.out.println("Current Position："+bf.position()); bf.flip(); byte [] readedData = bf.array(); System.out.println("Readed Data:"+new String(readedData,0,ret)); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }

 

import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * 独立写线程，负责就绪通道的写操作。 * * rawbean@163.com * * @author Robin * */ public class Writer extends Thread{ private static List<SelectionKey> keys = new ArrayList<SelectionKey>(); public static void addKeys(SelectionKey key){ synchronized (keys) { System.out.println("add key : size="+keys.size()); keys.add(key); keys.notifyAll(); } } public void run(){ System.out.println("reader thread launched"); while(true){ synchronized (keys) { if(keys.size()>0){ SelectionKey key = keys.remove(0); write(key); }else{ try { keys.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { continue; } } } } } public void write(SelectionKey key){ System.out.println("writing data"); SocketChannel sc = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); try { ByteBuffer bf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024); bf.put("test send string".getBytes()); bf.flip(); int ret = sc.write(bf); System.out.println("sended data"); Thread.sleep(5000); NBTest.addPool(key); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

 

其实读写线程大同小异，但遵循的原理为当前线程完成了读或写操作后，应将通道从新交还给Selector进行继续监控