Request&Response使用

于 2024-03-17 08:53:26 发布
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分类专栏： JavaWeb 文章标签： 开发语言
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/rch041126/article/details/136763671
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文章目录

一、Request&Response介绍

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二、Request 继承体系

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三、Request 获取请求数据

1、获取请求数据方法

（1）、请求行

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   @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        // String getMethod()：获取请求方式： GET
        String method = req.getMethod();
        System.out.println(method);//GET
        // String getContextPath()：获取虚拟目录(项目访问路径)：/request-demo
        String contextPath = req.getContextPath();
        System.out.println(contextPath);
        // StringBuffer getRequestURL(): 获取URL(统一资源定位符)：http://localhost:8080/request-demo/req1
        StringBuffer url = req.getRequestURL();
        System.out.println(url.toString());
        // String getRequestURI()：获取URI(统一资源标识符)： /request-demo/req1
        String uri = req.getRequestURI();
        System.out.println(uri);
        // String getQueryString()：获取请求参数（GET方式）： username=zhangsan
        String queryString = req.getQueryString();
        System.out.println(queryString);


        //------------
        // 获取请求头：user-agent: 浏览器的版本信息
        String agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        System.out.println(agent);


    }

（2）、请求头

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// 获取请求头：user-agent: 浏览器的版本信息
        String agent = req.getHeader("user-agent");
        System.out.println(agent);

（3）、请求体

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@Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取post 请求体：请求参数

        //1. 获取字符输入流
        BufferedReader br = req.getReader();
        //2. 读取数据
        String line = br.readLine();
        System.out.println(line);


    }

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="/request-demo/req4" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username">
    <input type="password" name="password">
    <input type="submit">

</form>



</body>
</html>

2、通过方式获取请求参数

统一doGet和doPost方法内的代码
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package com.itheima.web.request;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * request 通用方式获取请求参数
 */
@WebServlet("/req2")
public class RequestDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //GET请求逻辑
        //System.out.println("get....");

        //1. 获取所有参数的Map集合
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            // username:zhangsan lisi
            System.out.print(key+":");

            //获取值
            String[] values = map.get(key);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.print(value + " ");
            }

            System.out.println();
        }

        System.out.println("------------");

        //2. 根据key获取参数值，数组
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {

            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        //3. 根据key 获取单个参数值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //POST请求逻辑

        this.doGet(req,resp);

        /*System.out.println("post....");

        //1. 获取所有参数的Map集合
        Map<String, String[]> map = req.getParameterMap();
        for (String key : map.keySet()) {
            // username:zhangsan lisi
            System.out.print(key+":");

            //获取值
            String[] values = map.get(key);
            for (String value : values) {
                System.out.print(value + " ");
            }

            System.out.println();
        }

        System.out.println("------------");

        //2. 根据key获取参数值，数组
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        for (String hobby : hobbies) {

            System.out.println(hobby);
        }

        //3. 根据key 获取单个参数值
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);*/


    }
}


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="/request-demo/req4" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="1"> 游泳
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="2"> 爬山 <br>
    <input type="submit">

</form>



</body>
</html>

3、IDEA模板创建Servlet

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4、请求参数中文乱码处理

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package com.itheima.web.request;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class URLDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String username = "张三";

        //1. URL编码
        String encode = URLEncoder.encode(username, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(encode);

        //2. URL解码
        //String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "utf-8");
        String decode = URLDecoder.decode(encode, "ISO-8859-1");

        System.out.println(decode);

        //3. 转换为字节数据,编码
        byte[] bytes = decode.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
      /*  for (byte b : bytes) {
            System.out.print(b + " ");
        }*/

        //4. 将字节数组转为字符串，解码
        String s = new String(bytes, "utf-8");

        System.out.println(s);


    }
}


package com.itheima.web.request;


import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * 中文乱码问题解决方案
 */
@WebServlet("/req4")
public class RequestDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //1. 解决乱码：POST，getReader()
        //request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");//设置字符输入流的编码

        //2. 获取username
        String username = request.getParameter("username");
        System.out.println("解决乱码前："+username);

        //3. GET,获取参数的方式：getQueryString
        // 乱码原因：tomcat进行URL解码，默认的字符集ISO-8859-1
       /* //3.1 先对乱码数据进行编码：转为字节数组
        byte[] bytes = username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
        //3.2 字节数组解码
        username = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);*/

        username  = new String(username.getBytes(StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1),StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        System.out.println("解决乱码后："+username);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

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四、Request 请求转发

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demo5

package com.itheima.web.request;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * 请求转发
 */
@WebServlet("/req5")
public class RequestDemo5 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo5...");
        System.out.println(request);
        //存储数据
        request.setAttribute("msg","hello");

        //请求转发
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/req6").forward(request,response);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

demo6

package com.itheima.web.request;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 请求转发
 */
@WebServlet("/req6")
public class RequestDemo6 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("demo6...");
        System.out.println(request);
        //获取数据
        Object msg = request.getAttribute("msg");
        System.out.println(msg);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

五、Response 设置相应数据功能介绍

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六、Response 完成重定向

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ResponseDemo1

package com.itheima.web.response;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/resp1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("resp1....");

        //重定向
        /*//1.设置响应状态码 302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2. 设置响应头 Location
        response.setHeader("Location","/request-demo/resp2");*/

        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/resp2");
        //response.sendRedirect("https://www.itcast.cn");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

ResponseDemo2

package com.itheima.web.response;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/resp2")
public class ResponseDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("resp2....");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

路径问题

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itheima.web.response;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.*;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/resp1")
public class ResponseDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("resp1....");

        //重定向
        /*//1.设置响应状态码 302
        response.setStatus(302);
        //2. 设置响应头 Location
        response.setHeader("Location","/request-demo/resp2");*/

        //简化方式完成重定向
        //动态获取虚拟目录
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();

        response.sendRedirect(contextPath+"/resp2");
        //response.sendRedirect("https://www.itcast.cn");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

七、Response 响应字符数据

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在这里插入图片描述

package com.itheima.web.response;


import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * 响应字符数据：设置字符数据的响应体
 */
@WebServlet("/resp3")
public class ResponseDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        //1. 获取字符输出流
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        //content-type
        //response.setHeader("content-type","text/html");

        writer.write("你好");
        writer.write("<h1>aaa</h1>");
        //细节：流不需要关闭

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

八、Response 响应字节数据

在这里插入图片描述

package com.itheima.web.response;


import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

/**
 * 响应字节数据：设置字节数据的响应体
 */
@WebServlet("/resp4")
public class ResponseDemo4 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        //1. 读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d://a.jpg");

        //2. 获取response字节输出流
        ServletOutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();

        //3. 完成流的copy
       /* byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(buff))!= -1){
            os.write(buff,0,len);
        }*/

        IOUtils.copy(fis,os);

        fis.close();

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }
}

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
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