Dubbo SPI
什么是SPI?
SPI 全称为 Service Provider Interface,是一种服务发现机制。SPI 的本质是将接口实现类的全限定名配置在文件中,并由服务加载器读取配置文件,加载实现类。这样可以在运行时,动态为接口替换实现类。
Java SPI
public interface Color {
void color();
}
public class Yellow implements Color {
@Override
public void color() {
System.out.println("黄色");
}
}
public class Red implements Color {
@Override
public void color() {
System.out.println("红色");
}
}
然后再META-INF下新建services文件夹,新建一个文件为com.yyw.spi.Color,
com.yyw.spi.Yellow
com.yyw.spi.Red
public class SpiTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServiceLoader<Color> serviceLoader = ServiceLoader.load(Color.class);
System.out.println("Java SPI");
serviceLoader.forEach(Color::color);
}
}
Java SPI
黄色
红色
Dubbo SPI
Dubbo SPI 的相关逻辑被封装在了 ExtensionLoader 类中,通过 ExtensionLoader,我们可以加载指定的实现类。Dubbo SPI 所需的配置文件需放置在 META-INF/dubbo 路径下,
yellow=com.yyw.spi.Yellow
red=com.yyw.spi.Red
需要在Color类上加@SPI注解。
public class DubboSpiTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExtensionLoader<Color> extensionLoader = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(Color.class);
Color yellow = extensionLoader.getExtension("yellow");
yellow.color();
Color red = extensionLoader.getExtension("red");
red.color();
}
}
黄色
红色
ExtensionLoader#getExtensionLoader()
public static <T> ExtensionLoader<T> getExtensionLoader(Class<T> type) {
if (type == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Extension type == null");
if (!type.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Extension type(" + type + ") is not interface!");
}
if (!withExtensionAnnotation(type)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Extension type(" + type +
") is not extension, because WITHOUT @" + SPI.class.getSimpleName() + " Annotation!");
}
//从缓存中取实例,如果缓存中没有,则新建一个,并放入缓存中。
ExtensionLoader<T> loader = (ExtensionLoader<T>) EXTENSION_LOADERS.get(type);
if (loader == null) {
EXTENSION_LOADERS.putIfAbsent(type, new ExtensionLoader<T>(type));
loader = (ExtensionLoader<T>) EXTENSION_LOADERS.get(type);
}
return loader;
}
ExtensionLoader#getExtension()
//找到指定名称的扩展。
public T getExtension(String name) {
if (name == null || name.length() == 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Extension name == null");
if ("true".equals(name)) {
//获取默认的扩展实现类
return getDefaultExtension();
}
//用于持有目标对象。
Holder<Object> holder = cachedInstances.get(name);
if (holder == null) {
cachedInstances.putIfAbsent(name, new Holder<Object>());
holder = cachedInstances.get(name);
}
Object instance = holder.get();
//双检锁,保证单例
if (instance == null) {
synchronized (holder) {
instance = holder.get();
if (instance == null) {
instance = createExtension(name);
holder.set(instance);
}
}
}
return (T) instance;
}
ExtensionLoader#createExtension()
private T createExtension(String name) {
//从配置文件中加载所有的扩展类。得到key-value
Class<?> clazz = getExtensionClasses().get(name);
if (clazz == null) {
throw findException(name);
}
try {
T instance = (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
if (instance == null) {
//通过反射创建实例
EXTENSION_INSTANCES.putIfAbsent(clazz, clazz.newInstance());
instance = (T) EXTENSION_INSTANCES.get(clazz);
}
//向实例注入依赖。
injectExtension(instance);
Set<Class<?>> wrapperClasses = cachedWrapperClasses;
if (wrapperClasses != null && !wrapperClasses.isEmpty()) {
//循环创建wrapper实例
for (Class<?> wrapperClass : wrapperClasses) {
// 将当前 instance 作为参数传给 Wrapper 的构造方法,并通过反射创建 Wrapper 实例。
// 然后向 Wrapper 实例中注入依赖,最后将 Wrapper 实例再次赋值给 instance 变量
instance = injectExtension((T) wrapperClass.getConstructor(type).newInstance(instance));
}
}
return instance;
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Extension instance(name: " + name + ", class: " +
type + ") could not be instantiated: " + t.getMessage(), t);
}
}
ExtensionLoader#getExtensionClasses()
private Map<String, Class<?>> getExtensionClasses() {
// 从缓存中获取已加载的拓展类
Map<String, Class<?>> classes = cachedClasses.get();
// 双重检查
if (classes == null) {
synchronized (cachedClasses) {
classes = cachedClasses.get();
if (classes == null) {
// 加载拓展类
classes = loadExtensionClasses();
cachedClasses.set(classes);
}
}
}
return classes;
}
ExtensionLoader#loadExtensionClasses()
private Map<String, Class<?>> loadExtensionClasses() {
// 获取 SPI 注解,这里的 type 变量是在调用 getExtensionLoader 方法时传入的
final SPI defaultAnnotation = type.getAnnotation(SPI.class);
if (defaultAnnotation != null) {
String value = defaultAnnotation.value();
if ((value = value.trim()).length() > 0) {
// 对 SPI 注解内容进行切分
String[] names = NAME_SEPARATOR.split(value);
// 检测 SPI 注解内容是否合法,不合法则抛出异常
if (names.length > 1) {
throw new IllegalStateException("more than 1 default extension name on extension...");
}
// 设置默认名称,参考 getDefaultExtension 方法
if (names.length == 1) {
cachedDefaultName = names[0];
}
}
}
Map<String, Class<?>> extensionClasses = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
// 加载指定文件夹下的配置文件 /META-INF/dubbo serivces
loadDirectory(extensionClasses, DUBBO_INTERNAL_DIRECTORY);
loadDirectory(extensionClasses, DUBBO_DIRECTORY);
loadDirectory(extensionClasses, SERVICES_DIRECTORY);
return extensionClasses;
}
ExtensionLoader#loadResource()
//用于读取和解析配置文件,通过反射加载类。
private void loadResource(Map<String, Class<?>> extensionClasses,
ClassLoader classLoader, java.net.URL resourceURL) {
try {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(resourceURL.openStream(), "utf-8"));
try {
String line;
// 按行读取配置内容
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
// 定位 # 字符
final int ci = line.indexOf('#');
if (ci >= 0) {
// 截取 # 之前的字符串,# 之后的内容为注释,需要忽略
line = line.substring(0, ci);
}
line = line.trim();
if (line.length() > 0) {
try {
String name = null;
int i = line.indexOf('=');
if (i > 0) {
//截取key value值
name = line.substring(0, i).trim();
line = line.substring(i + 1).trim();
}
if (line.length() > 0) {
// 加载类,并通过 loadClass 方法对类进行缓存
loadClass(extensionClasses, resourceURL,
Class.forName(line, true, classLoader), name);
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException("Failed to load extension class...");
}
}
}
} finally {
reader.close();
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
logger.error("Exception when load extension class...");
}
}
ExtensionLoader#loadClass()
//主要对缓存进行操作
private void loadClass(Map<String, Class<?>> extensionClasses, java.net.URL resourceURL,
Class<?> clazz, String name) throws NoSuchMethodException {
if (!type.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("...");
}
// 检测Adaptive 注解
if (clazz.isAnnotationPresent(Adaptive.class)) {
if (cachedAdaptiveClass == null) {
// 设置 cachedAdaptiveClass缓存
cachedAdaptiveClass = clazz;
} else if (!cachedAdaptiveClass.equals(clazz)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("...");
}
// 检测 clazz 是否是 Wrapper 类型
} else if (isWrapperClass(clazz)) {
Set<Class<?>> wrappers = cachedWrapperClasses;
if (wrappers == null) {
cachedWrapperClasses = new ConcurrentHashSet<Class<?>>();
wrappers = cachedWrapperClasses;
}
// 存储 clazz 到 cachedWrapperClasses 缓存中
wrappers.add(clazz);
// 程序进入此分支,表明 clazz 是一个普通的拓展类
} else {
// 检测 clazz 是否有默认的构造方法,如果没有,则抛出异常
clazz.getConstructor();
if (name == null || name.length() == 0) {
// 如果 name 为空,则尝试从 Extension 注解中获取 name,或使用小写的类名作为 name
name = findAnnotationName(clazz);
if (name.length() == 0) {
throw new IllegalStateException("...");
}
}
// 切分 name
String[] names = NAME_SEPARATOR.split(name);
if (names != null && names.length > 0) {
Activate activate = clazz.getAnnotation(Activate.class);
if (activate != null) {
// 如果类上有 Activate 注解,则使用 names 数组的第一个元素作为键,
// 存储 name 到 Activate 注解对象的映射关系
cachedActivates.put(names[0], activate);
}
for (String n : names) {
if (!cachedNames.containsKey(clazz)) {
// 存储 Class 到名称的映射关系
cachedNames.put(clazz, n);
}
Class<?> c = extensionClasses.get(n);
if (c == null) {
// 存储名称到 Class 的映射关系
extensionClasses.put(n, clazz);
} else if (c != clazz) {
throw new IllegalStateException("...");
}
}
}
}
}
ExtensionLoader#injectExtension()
//支持Setter方式注入。
private T injectExtension(T instance) {
try {
if (objectFactory != null) {
//遍历所有的方法
for (Method method : instance.getClass().getMethods()) {
//set开头,只有一个参数,public修饰
if (method.getName().startsWith("set")
&& method.getParameterTypes().length == 1
&& Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
Class<?> pt = method.getParameterTypes()[0];
try {
//获取属性名
String property = method.getName().length() > 3 ? method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase() + method.getName().substring(4) : "";
//从ObjectFactory中获取依赖对象
Object object = objectFactory.getExtension(pt, property);
if (object != null) {
//通过反射调用setter方法设置属性。
method.invoke(instance, object);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("fail to inject via method " + method.getName()
+ " of interface " + type.getName() + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
return instance;
}