本文介绍了Linux系统负载（load average）的概念，它表示过去1分钟、5分钟和15分钟内的平均活跃进程数。当load average高于CPU核心数时，系统可能存在过载问题，可能是由于过多的CPU竞争或IO等待。通过`uptime`、`top`和`/proc/loadavg`等指令可以观察系统状态，分析导致高负载的原因，如无限制的进程/线程创建、死循环或磁盘I/O问题。了解这些可以帮助优化系统性能。
一、什么是系统负载
系统负载又叫平均负载（load average），man /proc/loadavg和man uptime都能看到系统负载的含义。
cat /proc/loadavg
0.18 0.26 0.25 2/251 20320
man /proc/loadavg
The first three fields in this file are load average figures giving the number of jobs in the run queue (state R) or waiting for disk I/O (state D) averaged over 1, 5, and 15 minutes. They are the same as the load average numbers given by uptime(1) and other programs. The fourth field consists of two numbers separated by a slash (/). The first of these is the number of currently runnable kernel scheduling entities (processes, threads). The value after the slash is the number of kernel scheduling entities that currently exist on the system. The fifth field is the
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