一、概述
在用asm或javassist动态生成字节码的时候,需要了解字节码的内容。
descriptor:主要是对方法参数和返回值进行描述;
signature:泛型中才会将该属性编译进字节码文件,JDK 1.5才加入,除了方法参数和返回值,还包含了泛型信息;
二、补充
为了能够理解第三部分例子中字节码的描述,补充一下java中涉及的数据类型及其含义。
java中的数据类型应该是有三处,一是字节码指令中的数据类型,二是字节码文件中字段和方法的描述符(不带泛型信息)或签名(带泛型信息)的数据类型,三是java语法规范中的数据类型。
1. 字节码指令中的数据类型:
对于大部分为与数据类型相关的字节码指令,他们的操作码助记符中都有特殊的字符来表明专
门为哪种数据类型服务:i 代表对 int 类型的数据操作,l 代表 long,s 代表 short,b 代表 byte,
c 代表 char,f 代表 float,d 代表 double,a 代表 reference。
2. 字段和方法中描述符或签名的数据类型:
BaseType:
B
C
D
F
I
J
S
Z
ObjectType:
L Classname ;
ArrayType:
[ ComponentType
三、例证
java代码:
package generic;
public class Box<M> {
private M t;
public Box(M t) {
this.t = t;
}
@SuppressWarnings("hiding")
public <M> void showMsg(M m) {
System.out.println(m);
}
public void show(M t) {
System.out.println(t);
}
}
对应的字节码:
public class generic.Box<M extends java.lang.Object> extends java.lang.Object
minor version: 0
major version: 52
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Class #2 // generic/Box
#2 = Utf8 generic/Box
#3 = Class #4 // java/lang/Object
#4 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#5 = Utf8 t
#6 = Utf8 Ljava/lang/Object;
#7 = Utf8 Signature
#8 = Utf8 TM;
#9 = Utf8 <init>
#10 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
#11 = Utf8 (TM;)V
#12 = Utf8 Code
#13 = Methodref #3.#14 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#14 = NameAndType #9:#15 // "<init>":()V
#15 = Utf8 ()V
#16 = Fieldref #1.#17 // generic/Box.t:Ljava/lang/Object;
#17 = NameAndType #5:#6 // t:Ljava/lang/Object;
#18 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#19 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable
#20 = Utf8 this
#21 = Utf8 Lgeneric/Box;
#22 = Utf8 LocalVariableTypeTable
#23 = Utf8 Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
#24 = Utf8 showMsg
#25 = Utf8 <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>(TM;)V
#26 = Fieldref #27.#29 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#27 = Class #28 // java/lang/System
#28 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#29 = NameAndType #30:#31 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#30 = Utf8 out
#31 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#32 = Methodref #33.#35 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
#33 = Class #34 // java/io/PrintStream
#34 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#35 = NameAndType #36:#10 // println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
#36 = Utf8 println
#37 = Utf8 m
#38 = Utf8 show
#39 = Utf8 SourceFile
#40 = Utf8 Box.java
#41 = Utf8 <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;
{
public generic.Box(M);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Signature: #11 // (TM;)V
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #13 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: aload_0
5: aload_1
6: putfield #16 // Field t:Ljava/lang/Object;
9: return
LineNumberTable:
line 6: 0
line 7: 4
line 8: 9
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 10 0 this Lgeneric/Box;
0 10 1 t Ljava/lang/Object;
LocalVariableTypeTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 10 0 this Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
0 10 1 t TM;
public <M extends java.lang.Object> void showMsg(M);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Signature: #25 // <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>(TM;)V
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: getstatic #26 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: aload_1
4: invokevirtual #32 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
7: return
LineNumberTable:
line 12: 0
line 13: 7
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 8 0 this Lgeneric/Box;
0 8 1 m Ljava/lang/Object;
LocalVariableTypeTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 8 0 this Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
0 8 1 m TM;
public void show(M);
descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Signature: #11 // (TM;)V
Code:
stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
0: getstatic #26 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: aload_1
4: invokevirtual #32 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
7: return
LineNumberTable:
line 16: 0
line 17: 7
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 8 0 this Lgeneric/Box;
0 8 1 t Ljava/lang/Object;
LocalVariableTypeTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 8 0 this Lgeneric/Box<TM;>;
0 8 1 t TM;
}
SourceFile: "Box.java"
Signature: #41 // <M:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;
整理信息如上图所示,泛型类中的show方法,其descriptor的含义是“L表示参数是一个引用类型,该类型是java.lang.Object,V表示该方法的返回值是void”,signature的含义是“T表示该方法的参数是一个泛型类型,其泛型名称是M(当然,如果你把Box<M>换成Box<O>,那么在字节码中的内容对应换成(TO;)V),方法返回值是void”。
泛型类中的泛型方法showMsg,其descriptor的含义是“L表示方法入参是一个引用类型,且其类型为java.lang.Object,V表示方法返回值为void”,signature的含义是“<M:Ljava/lang/Object;>表示这个泛型方法的泛型签名,泛型名称是M(当然你改成public <O> void showMSg的话,那么字节码中就会变成<O:Ljava/lang/Object;>),T表示方法入参是一个泛型类型,其签名为M,V表示返回值为void”。
应用场景:
附注:
本文如有错漏,烦请不吝指正,谢谢!