状态模式(State Pattern):它主要用来解决对象在多种状态转换时,需要对外输出不同的行为的问题。状态和行为是一一对应的,状态之间可以相互转换
当一个对象的内在状态改变时,允许改变其行为,这个对象看起来像是改变了其类
https://blog.csdn.net/liummmin/article/details/105920611
总结归纳就是每个类继承抽象类state , 每个实体类放一个activity,通过构造方法,传递行为
代码实现:
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
public abstract class State {
/**
* 扣除积分 - 50
*/
public abstract void deduceMoney();
/**
* 是否抽中奖品
* @return
*/
public abstract boolean raffle();
/**
* 发放奖品
*/
public abstract void dispensePrize();
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
import java.util.Random;
/**
* 可以抽奖的状态
*/
public class CanRaffleState extends State {
// 初始化传入活动引用,扣除积分后改变其状态
RaffleActivity activity;
public CanRaffleState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
// 已经扣除了积分,不能再扣
@Override
public void deduceMoney() {
System.out.println("已经扣取过了积分");
}
// 可以抽奖,抽完奖后,根据实际情况,改成新的状态
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("正在抽奖,请稍等!");
Random r = new Random();
int num = r.nextInt(10);
// 10%中奖机会
if (num == 1) {
// 改变活动状态为发放奖品
activity.setState(activity.getDispenseState());
return true;
} else {
System.out.println("很遗憾没有抽中奖品!");
// 改变状态为不能抽奖
activity.setState(activity.getNoRaffleState());
return false;
}
}
// 不能发放奖品
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("没中奖,不能发放奖品");
}
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
/**
* 奖品发放完毕状态
* 说明,当我们activity 改变成 DispenseOutState,抽奖活动结束
*/
public class DispenseOutState extends State {
// 初始化传入活动引用
RaffleActivity activity;
public DispenseOutState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deduceMoney() {
System.out.println("奖品发送完了,请下次参加");
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("奖品发送完了,请下次参加");
return false;
}
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("奖品发送完了,请下次参加");
}
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
/**
* 发放奖品的状态
*/
public class DispenseState extends State {
// 初始化传入活动引用,发放奖品后改变其状态
RaffleActivity activity;
public DispenseState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
@Override
public void deduceMoney() {
System.out.println("不能扣除积分");
}
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("不能抽奖");
return false;
}
// 发放奖品
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
if (activity.getCount() > 0) {
System.out.println("恭喜中奖了");
// 改变状态为不能抽奖
activity.setState(activity.getNoRaffleState());
} else {
System.out.println("很遗憾,奖品发送完了");
// 改变状态为奖品发送完毕,后面我们就不可以抽奖
// activity.setState(activity.getDispenseOutState());
//或者直接退出程序
System.out.println("抽奖活动结束");
System.exit(0);
}
}
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
/**
* 不能抽奖的状态
*/
public class NoRaffleState extends State {
// 初始化传入活动引用,扣除积分后改变其状态
RaffleActivity activity;
public NoRaffleState(RaffleActivity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
}
// 当前状态可以扣积分,扣除后,将状态设置成可以抽奖的状态
@Override
public void deduceMoney() {
System.out.println("扣除50积分成功,您可以抽奖了");
activity.setState(activity.getCanRaffleState());
}
// 当前状态不能抽奖
@Override
public boolean raffle() {
System.out.println("扣了积分才能抽奖喔!");
return false;
}
// 当前状态不能发奖品
@Override
public void dispensePrize() {
System.out.println("不能发放奖品");
}
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
/**
* 抽奖活动
*/
public class RaffleActivity {
// state 表示活动当前的状态,是变化的
State state = null;
// 奖品数量
int count = 0;
// 四个属性,表示四种状态
NoRaffleState noRaffleState = new NoRaffleState(this);
CanRaffleState canRaffleState = new CanRaffleState(this);
DispenseState dispenseState = new DispenseState(this);
DispenseOutState dispenseOutState = new DispenseOutState(this);
//构造器
//1.初始化当前状态为 noRaffleState(即不能抽奖的状态)
//2.初始化奖品的数量
public RaffleActivity(int count) {
this.state = getNoRaffleState();
this.count = count;
}
// 扣分,调用当前状态的 deduceMoney
public void deduceMoney() {
state.deduceMoney();
}
// 抽奖
public void raffle() {
// 如果当前状态是抽奖成功
if (state.raffle()) {
// 领取奖品
state.dispensePrize();
}
}
public State getState() {
return state;
}
public void setState(State state) {
this.state = state;
}
//这里请大家注意,每领取一次奖品,count--
public int getCount() {
int curCount = count;
count--;
return curCount;
}
public void setCount(int count) {
this.count = count;
}
public NoRaffleState getNoRaffleState() {
return noRaffleState;
}
public void setNoRaffleState(NoRaffleState noRaffleState) {
this.noRaffleState = noRaffleState;
}
public CanRaffleState getCanRaffleState() {
return canRaffleState;
}
public void setCanRaffleState(CanRaffleState canRaffleState) {
this.canRaffleState = canRaffleState;
}
public DispenseState getDispenseState() {
return dispenseState;
}
public void setDispenseState(DispenseState dispenseState) {
this.dispenseState = dispenseState;
}
public DispenseOutState getDispenseOutState() {
return dispenseOutState;
}
public void setDispenseOutState(DispenseOutState dispenseOutState) {
this.dispenseOutState = dispenseOutState;
}
}
package com.longchuang.ronghe.test.chapter2;
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建活动对象,奖品池有1个奖品
RaffleActivity activity = new RaffleActivity(1);
// 我们连续抽300次奖
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
System.out.println("--------第 " + (i+1) + " 次抽奖--------");
// 参加抽奖,第一步点击扣除积分
activity.deduceMoney();
// 第二步抽奖
activity.raffle();
}
}
}