java只有值传递的结论

前言

在学习Java编程语言过程中最容易让你产生误解的问题之一就是 java是值传递还是引用传递。今天就来围绕这个话题揭开迷雾。

概念

首先先来认识一下什么是值传递什么是引用传递。

• 值传递: 将方法实际参数值复制到另一个变量，然后复制的对象被传递，这就是为什么它被称为“值传递”

• 引用传递:将实际参数的引用传递给该方法，这就是为什么它被引用称为“传递”的原因。

例子分析1

问题:如果java是使用引用传递的话，为什么在函数中 变量的交换会没有卵用呢?

答案:java通过引用来操作对象，并且所有Object类型的变量都是引用一个地址。但是，java传递方法参数并不是引用传递，而是值传递。

来个例子，大家感受一下:

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">badSwap</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> var1, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> var2)
{
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> temp = var1;
  var1 = var2;
  var2 = temp;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

当badSwap()方法结束，原先作为实际参数传递进来的变量仍然是它们原来的值，也就是这个方法然无卵用。如果把这个方法的参数由int改变成Object类，结果依然一样。因为java是通过值传递来传递对象引用的。这么说可能不太清晰，再来一个例子。

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">public void tricky(Point arg1, Point arg2)
{
  arg1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.x</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  arg1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.y</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">100</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  Point temp = arg1<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  arg1 = arg2<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  arg2 = temp<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
}
public static void main(String [] args)
{
  Point pnt1 = new Point(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  Point pnt2 = new Point(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"X: "</span> + pnt1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.x</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" Y: "</span> +pnt1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.y</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; </span>
  System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"X: "</span> + pnt2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.x</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" Y: "</span> +pnt2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.y</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" "</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  tricky(pnt1,pnt2)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span>
  System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"X: "</span> + pnt1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.x</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" Y:"</span> + pnt1<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.y</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">; </span>
  System<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.out</span><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.println</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"X: "</span> + pnt2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.x</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" Y: "</span> +pnt2<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.y</span>)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;  </span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li></ul>

构造了两个对象pnt1和pnt2，并且初始的x,y值都是0。之后传入tricky()方 
法，在方法中修改行参args1的x,y的值，之后交换行参的指向。

执行main方法 ，输入如下

<code class="hljs http has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">X</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">0 Y: 0</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">X</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">0 Y: 0</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">X</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">100 Y: 100</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">X</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">0 Y: 0</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

根据输出结果，可以发现实际参数pnt1的值被修改了，pnt2的属性没有变，也就是pnt1盒pnt2的交换失败了！这里最容易被疑惑。 
pnt1和pnt2肯定是对象引用，当把pnt1和pnt2传入到tricky()方法当中， 
由于java是值传递，也就类似于复制，相当于复制和一个和pnt1一样的行参变量arg1,它也拥有了一个和pnt1变量同一指向的引用。图一展示了通过值传递之后两个引用指向同一个地址。

 
图1。方法中被传入对象引用参数之后，一个对象至少会有两个引用

上面的例子由于两个变量的引用都指向了同一个对象，所以在方法中修改对象的值会生效。但是由于arg1是copy的一个变量，所以交换的话只是交换了arg1的指向，这就是为什么交换会失败的原因。

图2展示了仅仅是方法参数里的引用交换了，而并不是原始的参数交换。

如果需要成功交换pnt1和pnt2的引用，只能在外部直接修改他们的引用即可。

 
图2：java通过值传递，copy了一个和pnt1一样的变量，他们拥有同样的引用。在方法调用之后，仅仅是交换了arg1和arg2的引用。

在国内可能有大部分的人清楚传递的规律，但是他们依然习惯是基本类型是值传递，引用类型变量就是引用传递，因为方法中的参数的确有了外部变量的引用。这个看个人理解。我更偏向于是值传递：通过值传递之后方法里的参数拥有了和实际参数一样的值（基础类型为值，对象类型为引用），所以才拥有了引用。而如果是引用传递的话，那就是是直接传递一个存放于堆区的对象给(也就是直是复制了一个对象)。当然这只是我个人的认识。

例子分析2

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Test {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span>  a;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> b;
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(a);
        modify(a);
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(a);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span>;
    }
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">modify</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> a) {
        a++;
    }

}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

知道了java是值传递的，结果很清楚了

输出a的值肯定不变。

java总是通过值传递而不是引用传递，再来一个例子

例子分析3

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Balloon {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> String color;

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Balloon</span>(){}

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Balloon</span>(String c){
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.color=c;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> String <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getColor</span>() {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> color;
    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">setColor</span>(String color) {
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.color = color;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>

Balloon类拥有一个color属性。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> Test {

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {

        Balloon red = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Balloon(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Red"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//memory reference 50</span>
        Balloon blue = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Balloon(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Blue"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//memory reference 100</span>

        swap(red, blue);
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"red color="</span>+red.getColor());
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"blue color="</span>+blue.getColor());

        foo(blue);
        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"blue color="</span>+blue.getColor());

    }

    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">foo</span>(Balloon balloon) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//baloon=100</span>
        balloon.setColor(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Red"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//baloon=100</span>
        balloon = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Balloon(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Green"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//baloon=200</span>
        balloon.setColor(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"Blue"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//baloon = 200</span>
    }

    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//Generic swap method</span>
    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">swap</span>(Object o1, Object o2){
        Object temp = o1;
        o1=o2;
        o2=temp;
    }
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li></ul>

由于之前分析过一个例子，这里我就不详细分析具体的每一个步骤。

大家可以去看该例子的原文出处，有每一步的分析过程，而且还有视频详细讲解（应该是要翻墙）

例子分析3 
例子3分析链接：Java is Pass by Value and Not Pass by Reference

关于引用的知识，大家可以看我的文章 堆和栈