ansible生产常用十大模块

来源:http://blog.51cto.com/liuzhengwei521/1895480

注:-a参数后的命令用单引号,单引号,单引号;双引号有可能会出问题,特别是在user模块;

模块一:测试目标主机是否在线:ping模块

主机如果在线,则回复pong

测试主机是否在线
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m ping
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.10.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

模块二:command模块和shell

作用:用于在各被管理节点运行指定的命令

shell和command的区别:shell模块可以特殊字符,而command是不支持

显示各节点的日期
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m command -a 'date'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Tue Feb  7 09:20:35 CST 2017

192.168.10.7 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
Tue Feb  7 09:20:35 CST 2017
删除各节点的/tmp/test目录
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m command -a 'mkdir /tmp/test'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>


192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>


[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m shell -a 'rm -rf /tmp/test'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>


192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>

模块三:user模块:管理用户的模块

模块参数详解:

    name:指定用户名

    password:设定用户密码,password参数需要接受md5加密后的值

    state:用户状态,默认为present

        present:表示添加用户

        absent:表示删除用户

    update_password:修改用户密码

        always:新密码和旧密码不同时进行修改

        on_create:为新创建的用户指定密码

    createhome:创建家目录

        yes:默认项,即创建用户默认是有家目录的

        no:创建用户时不创建家目录

    remove:

        yes:删除用户家目录,需要指定此参数

        no:默认项,删除用户时默认不删除用户的家目录

    system:

        yes:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户

    如果不指定默认生成的选项有:

        home:创建家目录

        shell:创建默认的shell为/bin/bash

        system:默认创建为普通用户,而非系统用户,指定是用yes

查看帮助
[root@localhost ~]# ansible-doc -s user
user模块中的password是需要经过md5加密的
[root@localhost ~]# echo 123456 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin
$1$Q0WiDLXN$agpzPdHVa6.LbdMLsUXqI/
增加一个用户
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei1 system=yes password=$1$Q0WiDLXN$agpzPdHVa6.LbdMLsUXqI/ state=present'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "createhome": true, 
    "group": 496, 
    "home": "/home/liuwei1", 
    "name": "liuwei1", 
    "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 496
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "createhome": true, 
    "group": 496, 
    "home": "/home/liuwei1", 
    "name": "liuwei1", 
    "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "system": true, 
    "uid": 496
}
删除一个用户
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei remove=yes state=absent'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "liuwei", 
    "remove": true, 
    "state": "absent"
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "force": false, 
    "name": "liuwei", 
    "remove": true, 
    "state": "absent"
}
更新用户的密码
[root@localhost ~]# echo 654321 | openssl passwd -1 -stdin
$1$pfBO1D1D$UfxpHN4OlUbT8dWLe8te7.
[root@localhost ~]# ansible erp -m user -a 'name=liuwei1 update_password=always password=$1$pfBO1D1D$UfxpHN4OlUbT8dWLe8te7.'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "append": false, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "group": 496, 
    "home": "/home/liuwei1", 
    "move_home": false, 
    "name": "liuwei1", 
    "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "uid": 496
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "append": false, 
    "changed": true, 
    "comment": "", 
    "group": 496, 
    "home": "/home/liuwei1", 
    "move_home": false, 
    "name": "liuwei1", 
    "password": "NOT_LOGGING_PASSWORD", 
    "shell": "/bin/bash", 
    "state": "present", 
    "uid": 496
}

模块四:任务计划模块:cron

获取帮助:ansibe-doc -s cron

模块参数详解:

    state:

        present:创建任务

        absent:删除任务

    backup:对远程主机上的原任务计划内容修改之前做备份

    job:要执行的任务

    name:该任务的描述(必须项)

    user:以哪个用户的身份运行

    minute:分钟(0-59,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*

    hour:小时(0-23,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*

    day:日(1-31,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*

    month:月(1-12,*,*/2,……),不写默认为*

    weekday:周(0-7,*,……),不写默认为*

每隔10分钟同步一下时间
[root@localhost ~]#ansible web -m cron -a 'name="sync time from ntpserver" minute=*/10 job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate 3.cn.pool.ntp.org"'

模块五:远程复制备份模块:copy

获取帮助:ansible-doc -s copy

模块参数详解:  

    src:指定源文件路径,可以是相对路径,也可以是绝对路径,可以是目录(并非是必须的,可以使用content,直接生成文件内容)

    dest=:指定目标文件路径,只能是绝对路径,如果src是目录,此项必须是目录

    owner:指定属主

    group:指定属组

    mode:指定权限,可以以数字指定比如0644

    content:代替src,直接往dest文件中写内容,可以引用变量,也可以直接使用inventory中的主机变量

    backup:在覆盖之前将原文件备份,备份文件包含时间信息。有两个选项:yes|no

    force:

        yes:默认项,如果目标主机包含该文件,但内容不同,则强制覆盖

        no:则只有当目标主机的目标位置不存在该文件时,才复制

    directory_mode:递归的设定目录的权限,默认为系统默认权限

复制本地文件到远程主机并对原文件进行备份
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'src=/tmp/abc.txt dest=/tmp/ backup=yes'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~", 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc", 
    "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 18, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436129.98-98537282809491/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "backup_file": "/tmp/abc.txt.2017-02-07@10:55:31~", 
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "13520f9e1a6f0b2ca9557d85825616c3680b4edc", 
    "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "baae19d280afe4e2df1799daa37bebba", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 18, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436130.19-187127825454744/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
向远程主机的文件中写内容,会把原内容覆盖掉
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m copy -a 'content="\nMy age is 26" dest=/tmp/abc.txt'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4", 
    "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436336.05-254449966786008/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "e1cbbec8927a295a767fa44e91dea6eeafa5a4f4", 
    "dest": "/tmp/abc.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "55ec30ce5102aa8716b75ab5e98163a7", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 13, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1486436348.0-188270058505341/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

模块六:对远程文件管理的模块:file

获取帮助:ansible-doc -s file

模块参数详解:  

    owner:修改属主

    group:修改属组

    mode:修改权限

    path=:要修改文件的路径

    recurse:递归的设置文件的属性,只对目录有效

        yes:表示使用递归设置

    remote_src:如果yes它会从目标机上搜索src文件,默认为no

    state:

        touch:创建一个新的空文件

        directory:创建一个新的目录,当目录存在时不会进行修改

        link:创建软连接,结果src一起使用此选项才生效

        hard:创建硬连接

        absent:删除文件,目录,软连接

    src:当state=link时,要被连接文件的源路径

    

新建一个文件
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=touch'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 0, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 0, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
新建一个目录
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei state=directory'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
删除文件或者目录
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei.txt state=absent'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", 
    "state": "absent"
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei.txt", 
    "state": "absent"
}
递归设置文件的属主或者属组
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'path=/tmp/liuwei owner=root group=root recurse=yes'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "size": 4096, 
    "state": "directory", 
    "uid": 0
}
为文件设置软连接
[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m file -a 'src=/tmp/liuwei state=link path=/tmp/liuzhengwei'
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11, 
    "src": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "dest": "/tmp/liuzhengwei", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0777", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "size": 11, 
    "src": "/tmp/liuwei", 
    "state": "link", 
    "uid": 0
}

模块七:在远程主机执行本地脚本:script

[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m script -a '/tmp/a.sh'
192.168.10.10 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "", 
    "stdout": "Tue Feb  7 11:26:41 CST 2017\r\n", 
    "stdout_lines": [
        "Tue Feb  7 11:26:41 CST 2017"
    ]
}
192.168.10.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "rc": 0, 
    "stderr": "", 
    "stdout": "Tue Feb  7 11:26:52 CST 2017\r\n", 
    "stdout_lines": [
        "Tue Feb  7 11:26:52 CST 2017"
    ]
}

模块八:收集远程主机的信息:setup

收集可用的facts,收集每个节点的相关信息:架构信息,IP,时间,域名,网卡,MAC,主机名,CPU等信息。

这些收集的信息,可以作为变量。

[root@localhost tmp]# ansible erp -m setup

模块九:安装模块:yum

模块参数详解:    

    name:表示要安装软件包的名字,默认最新的程序包,指明要安装的程序包,可以带上版本号

    state:表示是安装还卸载

        present:默认的,表示为安装

        lastest:安装为最新的版本

        absent:表示删除

模块十:服务模块:service

模块参数详解:  

    enabled:表示设置服务开机是否启动,取值为true或者false;enabled=yes

    name=:表示要控制哪一个服务

    state:

        started:表示现在就启动此服务

        stopped:表示现在关闭此服务

        restarted:表示重启此服务

    sleep:如果执行了restarted,在stop和start之间沉睡几秒

    runlevel:定义在哪些级别可以自启动

    arguments:表示向命令行传递的参数

[root@localhost tmp]#ansible erp -m service -a 'enabled=on name=httpd state=started'

模块十一:文件编辑模块:lineinfile

模块参数详解:

    path:指定要修改的配置文件

    regexp:匹配要修改的内容

    line:要增加或者修改的内容

    state:

        absent:表示删除,当匹配到时进行删除

        present:表示增加,当匹配到时进行修改,当没有匹配到时在最后增加一行,默认为此项

    backrefs:

        no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;

        yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则不变line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;

    backup:  

        no:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;不备份原文件

        yes:表示如果没有匹配到,则增加line;如果匹配成功,则替换line;备份原文件

    insertafter(匹配的是此行):

        在匹配到的行之后添加一行

    insertbefore(匹配的是此行):

        在匹配到的行之前添加一行

修改nginx.conf测试:
[root@nfs-server playbook]# cat modify_nginx.yml 
---
- hosts: 192.168.2.111
  tasks:
  - name: "修改配置文件"
    lineinfile:
      dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf"
      regexp: 'listen       80;'
      line: '    listen       8000;'
      #backup: yes
      backrefs: yes
    notify:
      - reload nginx
  handlers:
    - name: reload nginx
      service: name=nginx state=reloaded

注:经测试,当不添加backerfs: yes参数时,匹配到后也会进行替换,但当匹配到的内容不存在时,会在最后增加一行;所以当不增加backerfs参数时,要确定匹配到的内容存在;

wKioL1moBdWiPTAxAAA41nCeDsU246.png

替换存在的行:

#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/sudoers regexp="SYSTEM,SOFTWARE" line="STAPLES_ADMIN ALL=(ROOT) NOPASSWD:NETWORKING,LOCATE,STORAGE,DELEGATING,DRIVERS,SYSTEM,SOFTWARE,SERVICES,PROCESSES,FILE" backrefs=no'

匹配到的行后增加一行:

#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/etc/sudoers insertafter="Cmnd_Alias SYSTEM = /usr/sbin/reboot, /usr/sbin/halt, /usr/bin/ansible, /usr/bin/ssh" line="Cmnd_Alias FILE = /bin/mkdir,/bin/touch,/usr/bin/vim"'

删除匹配到的行:

#ansible oms -m lineinfile -a 'path=/etc/sudoers state=absent regexp="PROCESSES,FILE"'

在末尾追加一行:insertafter指定为空就可以匹配到最后一行

#ansible 10.78.1.176 -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/test.txt line="jiadong" insertafter=""'

在末尾追加多行:换行符用\n表示

#ansible 10.78.1.176 -m lineinfile -a 'dest=/tmp/test.txt line="hao hao\nyao jia" insertafter=""'

模块十二:远程解压模块:unarchive -> 用于将压缩包复制到远程主机并解压

模块参数:

    src:要复制的文件

    dest:复制到远程主机的目录

    copy:是否把文件复制到远程主机

    owner:解压后文件的属主

yaml用法示例:

- name: "复制tomcat文件到远程服务器并解压"
  unarchive:
    src=apache-tomcat-7.0.64.zip
    dest=/data/
    copy=yes
    owner=tomcat
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