struts2的错误处理

Action执行时是被DefaultActionInvocation对象的invoke方法调用
而在Action执行之前又有一批拦截器
拦截器的调用也是被DefalutActionInvocation对象invoke方法调用
最初调用到DefalutActionInvocation对象invoke方法是由ActionProxy的execute方法调用。

来看一下action执行的部分代码。

protected String invokeAction(Object action, ActionConfig actionConfig) throws Exception {
try{
        if (!methodCalled) {
                methodResult = method.invoke(action, EMPTY_OBJECT_ARRAY);
            }

            return saveResult(actionConfig, methodResult);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("The " + methodName + "() is not defined in action " + getAction().getClass() + "");
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            // We try to return the source exception.
            Throwable t = e.getTargetException();
    }

这里就是捕获了没有这个方法和调用目标异常，没有捕获其他异常，遇到其他异常直接往上抛。
那么我们看看那个方法调用到这个方法

public String invoke() throws Exception {
        String profileKey = "invoke: ";
        try {
            UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);

            if (executed) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed");
            }

            if (interceptors.hasNext()) {
                final InterceptorMapping interceptor = interceptors.next();
                String interceptorMsg = "interceptor: " + interceptor.getName();
                UtilTimerStack.push(interceptorMsg);
                try {
                                resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);
                            }
                finally {
                    UtilTimerStack.pop(interceptorMsg);
                }
            } else {
                resultCode = invokeActionOnly();
            }

            // this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will
            // return above and flow through again

    }

这个invoke方法继续往上抛异常，看看谁调用invoke方法呢？proxy.execute（）方法

public String execute() throws Exception {
        ActionContext nestedContext = ActionContext.getContext();
        ActionContext.setContext(invocation.getInvocationContext());

        String retCode = null;

        String profileKey = "execute: ";
        try {
            UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);

            retCode = invocation.invoke();
        } finally {
            if (cleanupContext) {
                ActionContext.setContext(nestedContext);
            }
            UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);
        }

        return retCode;
    }

这里继续往上抛，再看看在那个方法里调用了这个execute（）方法呢？

 public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ServletContext context,
                              ActionMapping mapping) throws ServletException {

        Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping, context);

        // If there was a previous value stack, then create a new copy and pass it in to be used by the new Action
        ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);
        boolean nullStack = stack == null;
        if (nullStack) {
            ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();
            if (ctx != null) {
                stack = ctx.getValueStack();
            }
        }
        if (stack != null) {
            extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));
        }

        String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";
        try {
            UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
            String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();
            String name = mapping.getName();
            String method = mapping.getMethod();

            Configuration config = configurationManager.getConfiguration();
            ActionProxy proxy = config.getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(
                    namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);

            request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack());

            // if the ActionMapping says to go straight to a result, do it!
            if (mapping.getResult() != null) {
                Result result = mapping.getResult();
                result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());
            } else {
                proxy.execute();
            }

            // If there was a previous value stack then set it back onto the request
            if (!nullStack) {
                request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);
            }
        } catch (ConfigurationException e) {
            // WW-2874 Only log error if in devMode
            if(devMode) {
                String reqStr = request.getRequestURI();
                if (request.getQueryString() != null) {
                    reqStr = reqStr + "?" + request.getQueryString();
                }
                LOG.error("Could not find action or result\n" + reqStr, e);
            }
            else {
                    if (LOG.isWarnEnabled()) {
                LOG.warn("Could not find action or result", e);
                    }
            }
            sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            sendError(request, response, context, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);
        } finally {
            UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
        }
    }

在这个dispatcher的serviceAction方法进行了捕获。并用sendError进行了处理

public void sendError(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
            ServletContext ctx, int code, Exception e) {
        Boolean devModeOverride = FilterDispatcher.getDevModeOverride();
        if (devModeOverride != null ? devModeOverride : devMode) {
            response.setContentType("text/html");

            try {
                FreemarkerManager mgr = getContainer().getInstance(FreemarkerManager.class);

                freemarker.template.Configuration config = mgr.getConfiguration(ctx);
                Template template = config.getTemplate("/org/apache/struts2/dispatcher/error.ftl");

                List<Throwable> chain = new ArrayList<Throwable>();
                Throwable cur = e;
                chain.add(cur);
                while ((cur = cur.getCause()) != null) {
                    chain.add(cur);
                }

                HashMap<String,Object> data = new HashMap<String,Object>();
                data.put("exception", e);
                data.put("unknown", Location.UNKNOWN);
                data.put("chain", chain);
                data.put("locator", new Locator());
                template.process(data, response.getWriter());
                response.getWriter().close();
            } catch (Exception exp) {
                try {
                    response.sendError(code, "Unable to show problem report: " + exp);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    // we're already sending an error, not much else we can do if more stuff breaks
                }
            }
        } else {
            try {
                // WW-1977: Only put errors in the request when code is a 500 error
                if (code == HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR) {
                    // send a http error response to use the servlet defined error handler
                    // make the exception availible to the web.xml defined error page
                    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.exception", e);

                    // for compatibility
                    request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.jsp.jspException", e);
                }

                // send the error response
                response.sendError(code, e.getMessage());
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                // we're already sending an error, not much else we can do if more stuff breaks
            }
        }
    }

这里获取错误信息模版，将信息放入到模版中进行输出到浏览器

那么我们如何修改错误信息呢？这里我们不必修改，我们要利用好struts2提供的拦截器，这里有一个exception拦截器

 <interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>

在默认拦截器栈的栈顶。
那么我们来看看exception拦截器的intercept方法

@Override
    public String intercept(ActionInvocation invocation) throws Exception {
        String result;

        try {
            result = invocation.invoke();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            if (isLogEnabled()) {
                handleLogging(e);
            }
            List<ExceptionMappingConfig> exceptionMappings = invocation.getProxy().getConfig().getExceptionMappings();
            ExceptionMappingConfig mappingConfig = this.findMappingFromExceptions(exceptionMappings, e);
            if (mappingConfig != null && mappingConfig.getResult()!=null) {
                Map parameterMap = mappingConfig.getParams();
                // create a mutable HashMap since some interceptors will remove parameters, and parameterMap is immutable
                invocation.getInvocationContext().setParameters(new HashMap<String, Object>(parameterMap));
                result = mappingConfig.getResult();
                publishException(invocation, new ExceptionHolder(e));
            } else {
                throw e;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

执行invocation.invoke();时对异常信息进行了捕获捕获好异常信息就执行下面的代码，去找配置文件中的错误exception-error节点，获取result名称，然后执行publishException()方法

protected void publishException(ActionInvocation invocation, ExceptionHolder exceptionHolder) {
        invocation.getStack().push(exceptionHolder);
    }

这里将错误信息放入栈顶，然后params过滤器就会错误信息，set到action的成员变量中。
解决方案 ：

<package name="struts-global" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
        <global-results>
            <result name="errHandler" type="chain">
                <param name="actionName">errorProcessor</param>
            </result>
        </global-results>
        <global-exception-mappings>
            <exception-mapping exception="java.lang.Exception"
                result="errHandler" />
        </global-exception-mappings>

        <action name="errorProcessor" class="ErrorProcess">
            <result>error.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>