浅谈Java序列化Serializable

在Java中，如果我们需要把对象持久化到硬盘，或者在网络上传输，类必须实现Serializable接口，使用对象流的形式，把对象写入磁盘。

如果该类没实现Serializable接口，当调用ObjectOutputStream.writeObject的时候，JVM将会抛出java.io.NotSerializableException异常。

Java序列化有几个特征：

1.当序列化子类的时候，如果父类没有实现Serializable接口，则反序列化的时候，将调用父类的构造方法重新生成父类对象；

public class SerializableDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        write();
        System.out.println("--------");
        read();
    }

    static void write() {
        Dog dog = new Dog();
        dog.name = "Nelson";
        dog.age = 13;

        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("/data2/object.ser");
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);

            oos.writeObject(dog);

            fos.close();
            oos.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    static void read() {
        Dog dog = null;

        try {
            FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("/data2/object.ser");
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);

            dog = (Dog) ois.readObject();

            fis.close();
            ois.close();
        }
        catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println(dog.name + "," + dog.age);
    }
}

class Animal {
    String name;
    int age;
    public Animal() {
        System.out.println("invoke Animal constructor");
        this.name = "Monkey";
        this.age = 100;
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal implements Serializable {
    public Dog() {
        System.out.println("invoke Dog constructor");
    }
}

输出：

invoke Animal constructor
invoke Dog constructor
--------
invoke Animal constructor
Monkey,100

2.如果父类实现了Serializable接口，则反序列化的时候，将复用父类对象，不会重新构造父类

class Animal implements Serializable {
    String name;
    int age;
    public Animal() {
        System.out.println("invoke Animal constructor");
        this.name = "Monkey";
        this.age = 100;
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal implements Serializable {
    public Dog() {
        System.out.println("invoke Dog constructor");
    }
}

输出：

invoke Animal constructor
invoke Dog constructor
--------
Nelson,13

3.如果父类已经实现了Serializable接口，则子类可以不用显式地实现Serializable接口

class Animal implements Serializable {
    String name;
    int age;
    public Animal() {
        System.out.println("invoke Animal constructor");
        this.name = "Monkey";
        this.age = 100;
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public Dog() {
        System.out.println("invoke Dog constructor");
    }
}

输出：

invoke Animal constructor
invoke Dog constructor
--------
Nelson,13

4.如果A类持有B类的引用（B不为空），当序列化A类的时候，B类必须实现Serializable接口，否则JVM将会抛出java.io.NotSerializableException异常

5.当如果某个属性不想序列化，则使用transient关键字标记，当JVM序列化的时候，遇到transient关键字的属性，则会跳过此属性

class Animal implements Serializable {
    transient String name;
    int age;
    public Animal() {
        System.out.println("invoke Animal constructor");
        this.name = "Monkey";
        this.age = 100;
    }
}

class Dog extends Animal {
    public Dog() {
        System.out.println("invoke Dog constructor");
    }
}

输出： 

invoke Animal constructor
invoke Dog constructor
--------
null,13