java biginteger

import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {

	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args){
		int t,k;
		BigInteger sum,x,n,p,two=BigInteger.valueOf(2),zero=BigInteger.ZERO;
		t = cin.nextInt();
		while(t != 0){
			n = cin.nextBigInteger();
			k = cin.nextInt();
			sum = zero;
			x = BigInteger.valueOf(1<<(k-1));
			while(true){
				n = n.divide(x);
				//p = n.subtract(n.divide(two));
				p = n.add(new BigInteger("1")).divide(two);
				if(p.equals(zero))break;
				sum = sum.add(p);
				n = n.divide(two);		
			}
			System.out.println(sum);
			t --;
		}
	}
}