Granting Access to Database Control for Nonadministrative Users

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 23:54:59 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-04-27 23:54:59 发布
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分类专栏： server.111/b28301 文章标签： database access 数据库 oracle application system

Granting Access to Database Control for Nonadministrative Users

As a database administrator, you can log in to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control) with the SYS or SYSTEM user account to perform administrative and other tasks. Nonadministrative users may also want to log in to Database Control. For example, application developers may want to take advantage of the Database Control graphical user interface to create or modify tables, indexes, views, and so on. You must grant access to Database Control to these users before they can log in.
作为数据库管理员，你可以用SYS和SYSTEM用户登录oracle企业管理数据库控制台来执行管理和其它任务。非管理员用户可能也想登录数据库控制台，例如，应用开发者想利用数据库控制台的图形化界面来创建或者修改表、索引、视图等等，必须要给这些用户授予可访问数据库控制台权限。

For nonadministrative users to have access to Database Control, they must be granted the SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE role. See "Example: Granting Privileges and Roles to a User Account".
非管理员用户访问数据库控制台，必须被授予SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE角色。

See Also:

Oracle Database 2 Day + Security Guide
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CHAPTER 1 Introduction to MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Database, Database Server, and Database Language. . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 The Relational Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.4 What Is SQL? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.5 The History of SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.6 From Monolithic via Client/Server to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . 18 1.7 Standardization of SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.8 What Is Open Source Software?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.9 The History of MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 1.10 The Structure of This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 CHAPTER 2 The Tennis Club Sample Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.2 Description of the Tennis Club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.3 The Contents of the Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 2.4 Integrity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 CHAPTER 3 Installing the Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.2 Downloading MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3.3 Installation of MySQL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.4 Installing a Query Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.5 Downloading SQL Statements from the Web Site . . . . . . . . . . 38 3.6 Ready? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 CHAPTER 4 SQL in a Nutshell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.2 Logging On to the MySQL Database Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 4.3 Creating New SQL Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 4.4 Creating Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.5 Selecting the Current Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 4.6 Creating Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.7 Populating Tables with Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.8 Querying Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 4.9 Updating and Deleting Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.10 Optimizing Query Processing with Indexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.11 Views. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 4.12 Users and Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.13 Deleting Database Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.14 System Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.15 Grouping of SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 4.16 The Catalog Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.17 Retrieving Errors and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.18 Definitions of SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 PART II Querying and Updating Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 CHAPTER 5 SELECT Statement: Common Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5.2 Literals and Their Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 5.3 Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 5.4 Assigning Names to Result Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 5.5 The Column Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 5.6 The User Variable and the SET Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 5.7 The System Variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 5.8 The Case Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 5.9 The Scalar Expression Between Brackets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 viii Contents 5.10 The Scalar Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 5.11 Casting of Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 5.12 The Null Value as an Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 5.13 The Compound Scalar Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 5.14 The Aggregation Function and the Scalar Subquery. . . . . . . 136 5.15 The Row Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 5.16 The Table Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 5.17 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 6 SELECT Statements, Table Expressions, and Subqueries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.2 The Definition of the SELECT Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 6.3 Processing the Clauses in a Select Block. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 6.4 Possible Forms of a Table Expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 6.5 What Is a SELECT Statement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 6.6 What Is a Subquery?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 6.7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 CHAPTER 7 SELECT Statement:The FROM Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 7.2 Table Specifications in the FROM Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 7.3 Again, the Column Specification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 7.4 Multiple Table Specifications in the FROM Clause . . . . . . . . . 174 7.5 Pseudonyms for Table Names. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 7.6 Various Examples of Joins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 7.7 Mandatory Use of Pseudonyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 7.8 Tables of Different Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 7.9 Explicit Joins in the FROM Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 7.10 Outer Joins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 7.11 The Natural Join . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 7.12 Additional Conditions in the Join Condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 7.13 The Cross Join. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 7.14 Replacing Join Conditions with USING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 7.15 The FROM Clause with Table Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 7.16 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Contents ix CHAPTER 8 SELECT Statement: The WHERE Clause . . . . . . . . . . . 213 8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 8.2 Conditions Using Comparison Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 8.3 Comparison Operators with Subqueries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 8.4 Comparison Operators with Correlated Subqueries. . . . . . . . 227 8.5 Conditions Without a Comparison Operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 8.6 Conditions Coupled with AND, OR, XOR, and NOT . . . . . . . 231 8.7 The IN Operator with Expression List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 8.8 The IN Operator with Subquery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 8.9 The BETWEEN Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 8.10 The LIKE Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 8.11 The REGEXP Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 8.12 The MATCH Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 8.13 The IS NULL Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 8.14 The EXISTS Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278 8.15 The ALL and ANY Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 8.16 Scope of Columns in Subqueries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 8.17 More Examples with Correlated Subqueries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 8.18 Conditions with Negation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 8.19 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 CHAPTER 9 SELECT Statement: SELECT Clause and Aggregation Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 9.2 Selecting All Columns (*) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 9.3 Expressions in the SELECT Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 9.4 Removing Duplicate Rows with DISTINCT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 9.5 When Are Two Rows Equal?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 9.6 More Select Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 9.7 An Introduction to Aggregation Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 9.8 COUNT Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 9.9 MAX and MIN Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 9.10 The SUM and AVG Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 9.11 The VARIANCE and STDDEV Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 9.12 The VAR_SAMP and STDDEV_SAMP Functions . . . . . . . . . 343 9.13 The BIT_AND, BIT_OR, and BIT_XOR Functions . . . . . . . . 343 9.14 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 x Contents CHAPTER 10 SELECT Statement: The GROUP BY Clause . . . . . . . . 349 10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 10.2 Grouping on One Column . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 10.3 Grouping on Two or More Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 10.4 Grouping on Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356 10.5 Grouping of Null Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 10.6 Grouping with Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358 10.7 General Rules for the GROUP BY Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 10.8 The GROUP_CONCAT Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362 10.9 Complex Examples with GROUP BY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 10.10 Grouping with WITH ROLLUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 10.11 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372 CHAPTER 11 SELECT Statement: The HAVING Clause . . . . . . . . . . 375 11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375 11.2 Examples of the HAVING Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 11.3 A HAVING Clause but not a GROUP BY Clause . . . . . . . . . 378 11.4 General Rule for the HAVING Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 11.5 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 CHAPTER 12 SELECT Statement: The ORDER BY Clause . . . . . . . . 383 12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 12.2 Sorting on Column Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383 12.3 Sorting on Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 12.4 Sorting with Sequence Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 12.5 Sorting in Ascending and Descending Order . . . . . . . . . . . . 389 12.6 Sorting Null Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392 12.7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 CHAPTER 13 SELECT Statement: The LIMIT Clause. . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 13.2 Get the Top… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398 13.3 Subqueries with a LIMIT Clause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 13.4 Limit with an Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404 13.5 The Select Option SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS . . . . . . . . . 405 13.6 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406 Contents xi CHAPTER 14 Combining Table Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 14.2 Combining with UNION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 14.3 Rules for Using UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 14.4 Keeping Duplicate Rows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 14.5 Set Operators and the Null Value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417 14.6 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418 CHAPTER 15 The User Variable and the SET Statement . . . . . . . . . . 421 15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 15.2 Defining Variables with the SET Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 15.3 Defining Variables with the SELECT Statement . . . . . . . . . . 423 15.4 Application Areas for User Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425 15.5 Life Span of User Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426 15.6 The DO Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 15.7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 CHAPTER 16 The HANDLER Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 16.2 A Simple Example of the HANDLER Statement . . . . . . . . . . 429 16.3 Opening a Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 16.4 Browsing the Rows of a Handler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 16.5 Closing a Handler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 16.6 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 CHAPTER 17 Updating Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 17.2 Inserting New Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437 17.3 Populating a Table with Rows from Another Table . . . . . . . 442 17.4 Updating Values in Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 17.5 Updating Values in Multiple Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 17.6 Substituting Existing Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452 17.7 Deleting Rows from a Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454 17.8 Deleting Rows from Multiple Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456 17.9 The TRUNCATE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 17.10 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 xii Contents CHAPTER 18 Loading and Unloading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 18.2 Unloading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 18.3 Loading Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 CHAPTER 19 Working with XML Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 19.1 XML in a Nutshell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471 19.2 Storing XML Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473 19.3 Querying XML Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 19.4 Querying Using Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484 19.5 The Extended Notation of XPath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486 19.6 XPath Expressions with Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 19.7 Changing XML Documents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489 PART III Creating Database Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491 CHAPTER 20 Creating Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 20.2 Creating New Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 20.3 Data Types of Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496 20.4 Adding Data Type Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 20.5 Creating Temporary Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 20.6 What If the Table Already Exists? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 20.7 Copying Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516 20.8 Naming Tables and Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521 20.9 Column Options: Default and Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522 20.10 Table Options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524 20.11 The CSV Storage Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532 20.12 Tables and the Catalog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534 20.13 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537 CHAPTER 21 Specifying Integrity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 21.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 539 21.2 Primary Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 21.3 Alternate Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 21.4 Foreign Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546 21.5 The Referencing Action. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 21.6 Check Integrity Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553 Contents xiii 21.7 Naming Integrity Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556 21.8 Deleting Integrity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 21.9 Integrity Constraints and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 21.10 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 558 CHAPTER 22 Character Sets and Collations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 22.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561 22.2 Available Character Sets and Collations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 22.3 Assigning Character Sets to Columns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 564 22.4 Assigning Collations to Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566 22.5 Expressions with Character Sets and Collations. . . . . . . . . . 568 22.6 Sorting and Grouping with Collations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 571 22.7 The Coercibility of Expressions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573 22.8 Related System Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 22.9 Character Sets and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 22.10 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576 CHAPTER 23 The ENUM and SET Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 23.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577 23.2 The ENUM Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 578 23.3 The SET Data Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582 23.4 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 CHAPTER 24 Changing and Dropping Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 24.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 24.2 Deleting Entire Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591 24.3 Renaming Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 24.4 Changing the Table Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593 24.5 Changing Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595 24.6 Changing Integrity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599 24.7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602 CHAPTER 25 Using Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 25.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603 25.2 Rows, Tables, and Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 604 25.3 How Does an Index Work?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605 25.4 Processing a SELECT Statement: The Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . 610 25.5 Creating Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 xiv Contents 25.6 Defining Indexes Together with the Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 617 25.7 Dropping Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 618 25.8 Indexes and Primary Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 619 25.9 The Big PLAYERS_XXL Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620 25.10 Choosing Columns for Indexes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 622 25.11 Indexes and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 25.12 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630 CHAPTER 26 Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 26.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 26.2 Creating Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 26.3 The Column Names of Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635 26.4 Updating Views: WITH CHECK OPTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 636 26.5 Options of Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 638 26.6 Deleting Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639 26.7 Views and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 640 26.8 Restrictions on Updating Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 26.9 Processing View Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 642 26.10 Application Areas for Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 645 26.11 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650 CHAPTER 27 Creating Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 27.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 27.2 Databases and the Catalog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653 27.3 Creating Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 654 27.4 Changing Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 655 27.5 Dropping Databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656 CHAPTER 28 Users and Data Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 28.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659 28.2 Adding and Removing Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660 28.3 Changing the Names of Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 28.4 Changing Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 663 28.5 Granting Table and Column Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 664 28.6 Granting Database Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667 28.7 Granting User Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 670 28.8 Passing on Privileges: WITH GRANT OPTION . . . . . . . . . . 673 28.9 Restricting Privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 Contents xv 28.10 Recording Privileges in the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 675 28.11 Revoking Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677 28.12 Security of and Through Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680 28.13 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682 CHAPTER 29 Statements for Table Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 29.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683 29.2 The ANALYZE TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684 29.3 The CHECKSUM TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685 29.4 The OPTIMIZE TABLE Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686 29.5 The CHECK TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687 29.6 The REPAIR TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689 29.7 The BACKUP TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690 29.8 The RESTORE TABLE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691 CHAPTER 30 The SHOW, DESCRIBE, and HELP Statements. . . . . . 693 30.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 30.2 Overview of SHOW Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693 30.3 Additional SHOW Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698 30.4 The DESCRIBE Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 30.5 The HELP Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699 PART IV Procedural Database Objects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701 CHAPTER 31 Stored Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 31.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 31.2 An Example of a Stored Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704 31.3 The Parameters of a Stored Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706 31.4 The Body of a Stored Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707 31.5 Local Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709 31.6 The SET Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 31.7 Flow-Control Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712 31.8 Calling Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 31.9 Querying Data with SELECT INTO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722 31.10 Error Messages, Handlers, and Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 726 31.11 Retrieving Data with a Cursor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731 31.12 Including SELECT Statements Without Cursors . . . . . . . . . 736 31.13 Stored Procedures and User Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 31.14 Characteristics of Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737 xvi Contents 31.15 Stored Procedures and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 31.16 Removing Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741 31.17 Security with Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742 31.18 Advantages of Stored Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743 CHAPTER 32 Stored Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 32.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745 32.2 Examples of Stored Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746 32.3 More on Stored Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752 32.4 Removing Stored Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 CHAPTER 33 Triggers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 33.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755 33.2 An Example of a Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756 33.3 More Complex Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759 33.4 Triggers as Integrity Constraints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763 33.5 Removing Triggers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 33.6 Triggers and the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 33.7 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 CHAPTER 34 Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 34.1 What Is an Event?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767 34.2 Creating Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768 34.3 Properties of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 34.4 Changing Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778 34.5 Removing Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 34.6 Events and Privileges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779 34.7 Events and the Catalog. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780 PART V Programming with SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783 CHAPTER 35 MySQL and PHP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 35.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785 35.2 Logging On to MySQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786 35.3 Selecting a Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787 35.4 Creating an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788 35.5 Retrieving Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790 35.6 Multiple Connections Within One Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791 35.7 SQL Statements with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793 35.8 SELECT Statement with One Row . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 794 Contents xvii 35.9 SELECT Statement with Multiple Rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796 35.10 SELECT Statement with Null Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800 35.11 Querying Data About Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801 35.12 Querying the Catalog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803 35.13 Remaining MYSQL Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 CHAPTER 36 Dynamic SQL with Prepared Statement. . . . . . . . . . . . 807 36.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 36.2 Working with Prepared SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 36.3 Prepared Statements with User Variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 36.4 Prepared Statements with Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810 36.5 Prepared Statements in Stored Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811 CHAPTER 37 Transactions and Multiuser Usage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 37.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 37.2 What Is a Transaction? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815 37.3 Starting Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 821 37.4 Savepoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822 37.5 Stored Procedures and Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824 37.6 Problems with Multiuser Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 825 37.7 Locking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829 37.8 Deadlocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830 37.9 The LOCK TABLE and UNLOCK TABLE Statements . . . . . . 830 37.10 The Isolation Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832 37.11 Waiting for a Lock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 37.12 Moment of Processing Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834 37.13 Working with Application Locks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835 37.14 Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837 APPENDIX A Syntax of SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 A.2 The BNF Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 839 A.3 Reserved Words in SQL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843 A.4 Syntax Definitions of SQL Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 845 APPENDIX B Scalar Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903 APPENDIX C System Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953 APPENDIX D Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 967
Sharing.Big.Data.Safely.Managing.Data.Security.1491952121.epub
04-22
Many big data-driven companies today are moving to protect certain types of data against intrusion, leaks, or unauthorized eyes. But how do you lock down data while granting access to people who need to see it? In this practical book, authors Ted Dunning and Ellen Friedman offer two novel and practical solutions that you can implement right away. Ideal for both technical and non-technical decision makers, group leaders, developers, and data scientists, this book shows you how to: Share original data in a controlled way so that different groups within your organization only see part of the whole. You’ll learn how to do this with the new open source SQL query engine Apache Drill. Provide synthetic data that emulates the behavior of sensitive data. This approach enables external advisors to work with you on projects involving data that you can't show them. If you’re intrigued by the synthetic data solution, explore the log-synth program that Ted Dunning developed as open source code (available on GitHub), along with how-to instructions and tips for best practice. You’ll also get a collection of use cases. Providing lock-down security while safely sharing data is a significant challenge for a growing number of organizations. With this book, you’ll discover new options to share data safely without sacrificing security. Table of Contents Chapter 1. So Secure It’s Lost Chapter 2. The Challenge: Sharing Data Safely Chapter 3. Data on a Need-to-Know Basis Chapter 4. Fake Data Gives Real Answers Chapter 5. Fixing a Broken Large-Scale Query Chapter 6. Fraud Detection Chapter 7. A Detailed Look at log-synth Chapter 8. Sharing Data Safely: Practical Lessons
JavaScript for Absolute Beginners.pdf
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In the 2005 film adaptation of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams, aliens demolish the earth to make way for a hyperspace expressway. Our demise could have been averted insofar as the demolition proposal had been on file at local planning offices worldwide for some time. However, no one complained during the public comment period. Like construction proposals, no one ever bothers to read the preface to a programming book. Typically, that’s mostly harmless, but not for this book. Though you won’t be vaporized into star dust for jumping to Chapter 1 or later, you’ll be befuddled for not having downloaded and familiarized yourself with Firebug, our tool for learning JavaScript. JavaScript is a beginner-friendly programming language available in browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera, and Chrome. Those browsers contain a JavaScript interpreter to parse and run your JavaScript programs, which you write in plain text with a text editor. So, you can use the same text editor that you code your XHTML and CSS with. JavaScript derives its syntax, which is to say its grammar, from the ECMAScript standard and its features for manipulating XHTML, CSS, and HTTP from the DOM standard. Typically, JavaScript interpreters implement ECMAScript and DOM in separate libraries. So, just as your brain has left and right lobes, a browser’s JavaScript brain has ECMAScript and DOM lobes. In the first six chapters, we’ll converse with the ECMAScript lobe. Then we’ll converse with the DOM lobe for a couple of chapters. I guess you could say we’ll be picking a JavaScript’s brain one lobe at a time—ECMAScript and then DOM, with Firebug. Finally, in the last two chapters, we’ll hand-code an uber-cool JavaScript program with our preferred text editors. But we’ll never make it through Chapters 1–8 without Firebug. So, our first order of business will be to have you download and familiarize yourself with Firebug, a free add-on to Firefox for Windows, Mac, or Linux. Obviously, prior to installing a Firefox add-on like Firebug, you need to have Firefox. Note that Firefox is a free web browser for Windows, Mac OS X, or Linux. To download Firefox, go to www.mozilla.com, and click the Download Firefox – Free button, as displayed in Figure 1. Then follow the wizard to install Firefox on your computer. Open Firefox, and then download the Firebug add-on from www.getfirebug.com. Simply click Install Firebug for Firefox button in the top-right corner, as shown in Figure 2. Then follow the wizard, granting permission to install the add-on if prompted by Firefox.
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一直以来想写下基于kettle的系列文章，作为较火的数据ETL工具，也是日常项目开发中常用的一款工具，最近刚好挤时间梳理、总结下这块儿的知识体系。熟悉、梳理、总结下达梦（DM）关系型数据库相关知识体系。
探秘MySQL主从复制的多种实现方式
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本文将深入探讨MySQL主从复制的多种实现方式，包括基于语句、基于行和混合模式等。无论您是初学者还是有经验的数据库管理员，都能通过本文全面了解MySQL主从复制技术的多样化选择，从而提高数据库的可用性和性能。
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SpringCloudAlibaba：2.1nacos
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As an AI language model, I do not have access to your database or server, but this error message usually indicates that the user "root" is not authorized to access the database. This could be due to ...

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