spring的相关xml配置文件头部都会声明和引入命名空间:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd"> |
其中xmlns部分声明命名空间,xsi:schemaLocation引入命名空间的schema,其结构可以简化描述如下:
<beansxmlns:some="key" xsi:schemaLocation="key location"/>
其中两个key是对应一致的
而location的查找顺序如下(以context为例):
1、先去spring-context的jar包下有一个spring.schemas文件,截取部分需要内容如下:
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-2.5.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.0.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.1.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd |
根据配置文件中的location去相应的jar包下找到相关的xsd文件,本例中就是根据
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context-3.2.xsd
找到的
2、如果出于某种原因jar包里没有上面这些文件,那就直接把location当成url去网上查找
最佳实践:
从上面的配置文件中可以看到,在spring-schemas文件中不带版本号的路径默认就是当前jar的最新版本,而不带版本号的路径去网上查找也是最新版本的(输入地址栏即可看到),所以配置命名空间的时候完全不必写明版本号,这也是最佳实践,当然除非你不想要最新的命名空间,然而通常这没什么意义