Android学习之创建和使用数据库

    Android使用的是SQLite数据库系统，为一个应用程序所创建的数据库只能被此应用程序访问，其他应用程序不能访问！

   下面的程序片段将说明如何以编程的方式在Android应用程序中创建一个SQLite数据库。对于Android，在一个应用程序中以编程方式创建的SQLite数据库总是存储在/data/data/<pakage_name>/databases文件夹下。

1. 创建数据库辅助类

      

import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.SQLException;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
import android.util.Log;

public class DBAdapter {

	static final String KEY_ROWID = "_id";
	static final String KEY_NAME = "name";
	static final String KEY_EMAIL = "email";
	static final String TAG = "DBAdapter";
	
	static final String DATABASE_NAME = "MyDB";
	static final String DATABASE_TABLE = "contacts";
	static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1;
	
	static final String DATABASE_CREATE = 
			"create table contacts( _id integer primary key autoincrement, " + 
			"name text not null, email text not null);";
	final Context context;
	
	DatabaseHelper DBHelper;
	SQLiteDatabase db;
	
	public DBAdapter(Context cxt)
	{
		this.context = cxt;
		DBHelper = new DatabaseHelper(context);
	}
	
	private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
	{

		DatabaseHelper(Context context)
		{
			super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
		}
		@Override
		public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			try
			{
				db.execSQL(DATABASE_CREATE);
			}
			catch(SQLException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		@Override
		public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			Log.wtf(TAG, "Upgrading database from version "+ oldVersion + "to "+
			 newVersion + ", which will destroy all old data");
			db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS contacts");
			onCreate(db);
		}
	}
	
	//open the database
	public DBAdapter open() throws SQLException
	{
		db = DBHelper.getWritableDatabase();
		return this;
	}
	//close the database
	public void close()
	{
		DBHelper.close();
	}
	
	//insert a contact into the database
	public long insertContact(String name, String email)
	{
		ContentValues initialValues = new ContentValues();
		initialValues.put(KEY_NAME, name);
		initialValues.put(KEY_EMAIL, email);
		return db.insert(DATABASE_TABLE, null, initialValues);
	}
	//delete a particular contact
	public boolean deleteContact(long rowId)
	{
		return db.delete(DATABASE_TABLE, KEY_ROWID + "=" +rowId, null) > 0;
	}
	//retreves all the contacts
	public Cursor getAllContacts()
	{
		return db.query(DATABASE_TABLE, new String[]{ KEY_ROWID,KEY_NAME,KEY_EMAIL}, null, null, null, null, null);
	}
	//retreves a particular contact
	public Cursor getContact(long rowId) throws SQLException
	{
		Cursor mCursor = 
				db.query(true, DATABASE_TABLE, new String[]{ KEY_ROWID,
						 KEY_NAME, KEY_EMAIL}, KEY_ROWID + "=" + rowId, null, null, null, null, null);
		if (mCursor != null)
			mCursor.moveToFirst();
		return mCursor;
	}
	//updates a contact
	public boolean updateContact(long rowId, String name, String email)
	{
		ContentValues args = new ContentValues();
		args.put(KEY_NAME, name);
		args.put(KEY_EMAIL, email);
		return db.update(DATABASE_TABLE, args, KEY_ROWID + "=" +rowId, null) > 0;
	}
}

每个类的作用已经做了说明。本例子中创建一个名为MyDB的数据库，包含一个名为contacts的表，这个表有3个列：_id、name和email。

    2、以编程的方式使用数据库

     

package com.wshouyou.database;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class DatabaseActivity extends Activity {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);
		
		DBAdapter db = new DBAdapter(this);
		
		//add a contact
		/*db.open();
		long id = db.insertContact("junli", "liujl07@126.com");
		id = db.insertContact("juan zhan", "mary@autonavi.com");
		db.close();*/
		
		//get all contacts
		/*db.open();
		Cursor c = db.getAllContacts();
		if (c.moveToFirst())
		{
			do {
				DisplayContact(c);
			}while (c.moveToNext());
		}
		db.close();*/
		
		//get a contact
		/*db.open();
		Cursor c = db.getContact(2);
		if (c.moveToFirst())
			DisplayContact(c);
		else
			Toast.makeText(this, "No contact found!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		db.close();*/
		
		//update contact
		/*db.open();
		if ( db.updateContact(1, "Wei-Meng Lee", "weimenglee@gmail.com") )
			Toast.makeText(this, "Update successful!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		else
			Toast.makeText(this, "Update failed!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		db.close();*/
		
		//delete a contact
		db.open();
		if (db.deleteContact(1))
			Toast.makeText(this, "Delete successful!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		else
			Toast.makeText(this, "Delete failed!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
		db.close();
	}
	
	public void DisplayContact(Cursor c)
	{
		Toast.makeText(this , 
				"id: "+c.getString(0) + "\n" +
				"Name: "+c.getString(1) + "\n"+
				"Email: "+c.getString(2), 
				Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}

}

操作数据库。