Weak Handler 与 内存泄露

一个通用的场景是 使用 匿名内部类 实例 作为某个 行为/动作的 回调,如果该行为/动作 是异步的,则其返回时间往往无法确定,有造成内存泄露风险.

使用静态内部类,或者妥善处理生命周期,都不会造成内存泄露,反过来,当没有内存泄露风险时,一般直接匿名内部类即可.

这其实是一个特别矛盾的说法.

因为这要求程序员能 能了解到 回调行为是在何时发生的.

而相反,我们设计接口回调的时候总是尽力屏蔽内部实现细节.

而面对不确定的行为,当然也可以使用静态内部类,或者removeCallback去取消回调(特指Handler),然而这样代码变得繁琐,或者添加不必要的代码.

对于Handler,一个简单的第三方解决方案是使用 android-weak-handler ,该库尝试使用WeakReference解决这个问题,然而却引入新的问题.

https://github.com/badoo/android-weak-handler

核心代码如下:

public class WeakHandler {
    private final Handler.Callback mCallback; // hard reference to Callback. We need to keep callback in memory
    private final ExecHandler mExec;
    private Lock mLock = new ReentrantLock();
    @SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
    @VisibleForTesting
    final ChainedRef mRunnables = new ChainedRef(mLock, null);

    public WeakHandler() {
        mCallback = null;
        mExec = new ExecHandler();
    }

    public WeakHandler(@Nullable Handler.Callback callback) {
        mCallback = callback; // Hard referencing body
        mExec = new ExecHandler(new WeakReference<>(callback)); // Weak referencing inside ExecHandler
    }

    public WeakHandler(@NonNull Looper looper) {
        mCallback = null;
        mExec = new ExecHandler(looper);
    }

    public WeakHandler(@NonNull Looper looper, @NonNull Handler.Callback callback) {
        mCallback = callback;
        mExec = new ExecHandler(looper, new WeakReference<>(callback));
    }

    public final boolean post(@NonNull Runnable r) {
        return mExec.post(wrapRunnable(r));
    }

    public final boolean postAtTime(@NonNull Runnable r, long uptimeMillis) {
        return mExec.postAtTime(wrapRunnable(r), uptimeMillis);
    }

    public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis) {
        return mExec.postAtTime(wrapRunnable(r), token, uptimeMillis);
    }

    public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis) {
        return mExec.postDelayed(wrapRunnable(r), delayMillis);
    }

    public final boolean postAtFrontOfQueue(Runnable r) {
        return mExec.postAtFrontOfQueue(wrapRunnable(r));
    }

    public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r) {
        final WeakRunnable runnable = mRunnables.remove(r);
        if (runnable != null) {
            mExec.removeCallbacks(runnable);
        }
    }

    public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r, Object token) {
        final WeakRunnable runnable = mRunnables.remove(r);
        if (runnable != null) {
            mExec.removeCallbacks(runnable, token);
        }
    }

    public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg) {
        return mExec.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what) {
        return mExec.sendEmptyMessage(what);
    }

    public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
        return mExec.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, delayMillis);
    }

    public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
        return mExec.sendEmptyMessageAtTime(what, uptimeMillis);
    }

    public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) {
        return mExec.sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
    }

    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        return mExec.sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }

    public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
        return mExec.sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(msg);
    }

    public final void removeMessages(int what) {
        mExec.removeMessages(what);
    }

    public final void removeMessages(int what, Object object) {
        mExec.removeMessages(what, object);
    }

    public final void removeCallbacksAndMessages(Object token) {
        mExec.removeCallbacksAndMessages(token);
    }

    public final boolean hasMessages(int what) {
        return mExec.hasMessages(what);
    }

    public final boolean hasMessages(int what, Object object) {
        return mExec.hasMessages(what, object);
    }

    public final Looper getLooper() {
        return mExec.getLooper();
    }

    private WeakRunnable wrapRunnable(@NonNull Runnable r) {
        //noinspection ConstantConditions
        if (r == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Runnable can't be null");
        }
        final ChainedRef hardRef = new ChainedRef(mLock, r);
        mRunnables.insertAfter(hardRef);
        return hardRef.wrapper;
    }

    private static class ExecHandler extends Handler {
        private final WeakReference<Handler.Callback> mCallback;

        ExecHandler() {
            mCallback = null;
        }

        ExecHandler(WeakReference<Handler.Callback> callback) {
            mCallback = callback;
        }

        ExecHandler(Looper looper) {
            super(looper);
            mCallback = null;
        }

        ExecHandler(Looper looper, WeakReference<Handler.Callback> callback) {
            super(looper);
            mCallback = callback;
        }

        @Override
        public void handleMessage(@NonNull Message msg) {
            if (mCallback == null) {
                return;
            }
            final Handler.Callback callback = mCallback.get();
            if (callback == null) { // Already disposed
                return;
            }
            callback.handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

    static class WeakRunnable implements Runnable {
        private final WeakReference<Runnable> mDelegate;
        private final WeakReference<ChainedRef> mReference;

        WeakRunnable(WeakReference<Runnable> delegate, WeakReference<ChainedRef> reference) {
            mDelegate = delegate;
            mReference = reference;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            final Runnable delegate = mDelegate.get();
            final ChainedRef reference = mReference.get();
            if (reference != null) {
                reference.remove();
            }
            if (delegate != null) {
                delegate.run();
            }
        }
    }

    static class ChainedRef {
        @Nullable
        ChainedRef next;
        @Nullable
        ChainedRef prev;
        @NonNull
        final Runnable runnable;
        @NonNull
        final WeakRunnable wrapper;

        @NonNull
        Lock lock;

        public ChainedRef(@NonNull Lock lock, @NonNull Runnable r) {
            this.runnable = r;
            this.lock = lock;
            this.wrapper = new WeakRunnable(new WeakReference<>(r), new WeakReference<>(this));
        }

        public WeakRunnable remove() {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (prev != null) {
                    prev.next = next;
                }
                if (next != null) {
                    next.prev = prev;
                }
                prev = null;
                next = null;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
            return wrapper;
        }

        public void insertAfter(@NonNull ChainedRef candidate) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                if (this.next != null) {
                    this.next.prev = candidate;
                }

                candidate.next = this.next;
                this.next = candidate;
                candidate.prev = this;
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }

        @Nullable
        public WeakRunnable remove(Runnable obj) {
            lock.lock();
            try {
                ChainedRef curr = this.next; // Skipping head
                while (curr != null) {
                    if (curr.runnable == obj) { // We do comparison exactly how Handler does inside
                        return curr.remove();
                    }
                    curr = curr.next;
                }
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

这个类的实现有个问题,为了避免持有Runnable的引用,使用WeakRunnable作为Wrapper,为了能够在Activity销毁时释放Runnable,这里使用的WeakReference去持有Runnable引用.
从目的上看,它确实解决了由于Runnable隐式持有Activity强引用而导致Acticity实例无法销毁的问题

但是

作为匿名内部类被传入的Runnable对象如果只存在一个WeakReference,那意味着,任何一次GC操作都将导致其被回收.
看看这个例子

import com.badoo.mobile.util.WeakHandler;

public class ExampleActivity extends Activity {

    private WeakHandler mHandler; // We still need at least one hard reference to WeakHandler

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        mHandler = new WeakHandler();
        ...
    }

    private void onClick(View view) {
        mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            view.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
        }, 5000);
    }
}

如果在这5s内系统触发了一次GC操作会怎么样? Runnable会被回收?

将Demo简单修改一下

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    WeakHandler  mHandler = new WeakHandler();
    mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {


        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("####################### Do Something");
            );
        }
    }, 10000);

    mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {


        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("#######################GC");

            System.gc();
        }
    }, 5000);

}

看看运行结果,GC操作发生了,而Do Something并没有执行,因为 GC动作发生时, WeakReference持有的Runnable已经被释放了.

通常来讲,GC操作发生的时间不可预料的,你无法预期等待回调的这几秒种内用户做了什么操作,而一旦触发了GC,则回调会被立刻取消

注意,Activity并未被关闭,Runnable回调也会被释放!

如果在大型项目中遇到这样的问题,排查一定是灾难性的.因为GC的不确定性,出现了回调丢失情况一定是随机的,难以预测的,难以重现的.

而处理这个问题的办法是,将mHandler从临时变量 换成 成Activity的一个实例变量.

然而通常程序员不一定意识这2种写法的区别,而且使用系统提供的Handler时,这2种写法是没有区别的.

最后我检查了下文档,作者还是写了一句话作为提示

We still need at least one hard reference to WeakHandler

至于使用者是否能意识到问题所在我持怀疑态度.

第三方库就是容易出现这种问题,使用起来能很方便的解决很多问题,然而又很容易挖几个隐蔽的坑给你.

评论 2
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值