Oracle的时间总结 -- oracle知识2016/09/30

1. Interval 时间

INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH数据类型 

Oracle语法: 
INTERVAL 'integer [- integer]' {YEAR | MONTH} [(precision)][TO {YEAR | MONTH}] 

该数据类型常用来表示一个时间段，而非其他日期格式表示一个准确的时间，

如： 与sysdate做算法时是以天为单位，如需缩小范围需要/24 /60 /60等， 而是用interval则可直接指定单位并自动换算。

, 注意时间差只精确到年和月. precision为年或月的精确域, 有效范围是0到9, 默认值为2. 

eg: 
INTERVAL '123-2' YEAR(3) TO MONTH     
表示: 123年2个月, "YEAR(3)" 表示年的精度为3, 可见"123"刚好为3为有效数值, 如果该处YEAR(n), n<3就会出错, 注意默认是2. 

INTERVAL '123' YEAR(3) 
表示: 123年0个月 

INTERVAL '300' MONTH(3) 
表示: 300个月, 注意该处MONTH的精度是3啊. 

INTERVAL '4' YEAR     
表示: 4年, 同 INTERVAL '4-0' YEAR TO MONTH 是一样的 

INTERVAL '50' MONTH     
表示: 50个月, 同 INTERVAL '4-2' YEAR TO MONTH 是一样 

INTERVAL '123' YEAR     
表示: 该处表示有错误, 123精度是3了, 但系统默认是2, 所以该处应该写成 INTERVAL '123' YEAR(3) 或"3"改成大于3小于等于9的数值都可以的 

INTERVAL '5-3' YEAR TO MONTH + INTERVAL '20' MONTH = 
INTERVAL '6-11' YEAR TO MONTH 
表示: 5年3个月 + 20个月 = 6年11个月 

与该类型相关的函数: 
NUMTODSINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') 
将n转换成interval_unit所指定的值, interval_unit可以为: DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND 
注意该函数不可以转换成YEAR和MONTH的. 

NUMTOYMINTERVAL(n, 'interval_unit') 
interval_unit可以为: YEAR, MONTH 

eg: (Oracle Version 9204, RedHat Linux 9.0) 
SQL> select numtodsinterval(100,'DAY') from dual; 

NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'DAY')                                                      
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000100 00:00:00.000000000                                                   

SQL> c/DAY/SECOND 
  1* select numtodsinterval(100,'SECOND') from dual 
SQL> / 

NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'SECOND')                                                   
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000000 00:01:40.000000000                                                   

SQL> c/SECOND/MINUTE 
  1* select numtodsinterval(100,'MINUTE') from dual 
SQL> / 

NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'MINUTE')                                                   
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000000 01:40:00.000000000                                                   

SQL> c/MINUTE/HOUR 
  1* select numtodsinterval(100,'HOUR') from dual 
SQL> / 

NUMTODSINTERVAL(100,'HOUR')                                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000004 04:00:00.000000000                                                   

SQL> c/HOUR/YEAR 
  1* select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual 
SQL> / 
select numtodsinterval(100,'YEAR') from dual 
                           * 
ERROR at line 1: 
ORA-01760: illegal argument for function 

SQL> select numtoyminterval(100,'year') from dual; 

NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'YEAR')                                                     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000100-00                                                                   

SQL> c/year/month 
  1* select numtoyminterval(100,'month') from dual 
SQL> / 

NUMTOYMINTERVAL(100,'MONTH')                                                    
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
+000000008-04                                                                   


时间的计算: 
SQL> select to_date('1999-12-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual; 

TO_DATE('1999-12-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')           
---------------------------------------------------------------------           
                                                                   11           
-- 可以相减的结果为天. 

SQL> c/1999-12-12/1999-01-12 
  1* select to_date('1999-01-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual 
SQL> / 

TO_DATE('1999-01-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')           
---------------------------------------------------------------------           
                                                                 -323           
-- 也可以为负数的 

SQL> c/1999-01-12/2999-10-12 
  1* select to_date('2999-10-12','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('1999-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd') from dual 
SQL> / 

TO_DATE('2999-10-12','YYYY-MM-DD')-TO_DATE('1999-12-01','YYYY-MM-DD')           
---------------------------------------------------------------------           
                                                               365193           

下面看看INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH怎么用. 
SQL> create table bb(a date, b date, c interval year(9) to month); 

Table created. 

SQL> desc bb; 
Name                                      Null?    Type 
----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- 
A                                                  DATE 
B                                                  DATE 
C                                                  INTERVAL YEAR(9) TO MONTH 

SQL> insert into bb values(to_date('1985-12-12', 'yyyy-mm-dd'), to_date('1984-12-01','yyyy-mm-dd'), null) 

1 row created. 

SQL> select * from bb; 

A         B                                                                     
--------- ---------                                                             
C                                                                               
---------------------------------------------------------------------------     
12-DEC-85 01-DEC-84