运用Ajax通过select下拉框能得到数据

大伙应该在开发中遇到过这种情况，就是通过下拉框选择要显示的内容。如下图所示：

 

在没用到ajax技术时，我们可以使用两种方法来解决，一种就是选择后再次获得下拉框的数据，和显示的数据一起反映在页面上，这是最笨的方法，因为你选择多少次，下拉框的数据就要从数据库重复读取多少次。另外一种方法就是将页面分两桢，上桢是下拉框，下桢就是要读取的内容。这样做比第一种方法进步了不少，但是分桢对页面控制又有了要求。

使用Ajax正好结合了上面两种方法的优点。

下面就来看看我们是怎样实现的，我的实现平台是Struts+Spring+Hibernate，但与Ajax交道的也就是Struts，至于你后台怎样从数据库取得数据，就要看你的具体实现了：

JSP页面：

 

<% ... @ page language="java" import="java.util.*,com.wehave.oa.labourset.model.MBm" pageEncoding="gb2312" %>
<% ... @ taglib uri="struts-html" prefix="html"  %>
<% ... @ taglib uri="struts-bean" prefix="bean"  %>
<% ... @ taglib uri="struts-logic" prefix="logic"  %>
< html >
< head >
< title > 借阅信息 </ title >
< link  rel ="stylesheet"  type ="text/css"  href ="../css/table.css" >
< link  href ="../css/style.css"  rel ="stylesheet"  type ="text/css" >  
< script  src ="../css/Alai_tc.js"  language ="JScript" ></ script >  
<!--  html:javascript formName="lendingCartForm"  method="validate"/ -->
< script  Language ="JavaScript" > ...

function btn_AddFolder() ...{
    if(confirm("确定要归还吗？"))...{
        //if(document.lendingCartForm.onsubmit()){        
            document.forms[0].submit();
        //}
    }  
}

var req;
var dataDiv;
var dataTable;
var dataTableBody;
function Change_Select()
...{
    dataTableBody=document.getElementById("lendingcartDataBody");
    dataTable=document.getElementById("lendingcartData");
    dataDiv=document.getElementById("popup");
    
    var zhi=document.getElementById('tbEngineFilereadId').value;
    var url="returnBlueprintPage.go?method=getLendingCart&id="+zhi;
    
    if(zhi=="0")...{
        alert("请选择您要察看的信息");
                 return;
    }else...{
        if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
        ...{
            req=new XMLHttpRequest();
        }else if(window.ActiveXObject)
        ...{
            req=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        
        if(req)
        ...{
            req.open("GET",url,true);
            req.onreadystatechange=callback;
            req.send(null);
        }
    }
}

function callback()
...{
    if(req.readyState == 4)
    ...{
        if(req.status == 200)
        ...{
            //alert(req.responseText);
            document.getElementById("results").innerHTML=req.responseText;
        }else...{
            alert("Not able to retrieve description"+req.statusText);
        }
    }
}

</ script >
</ head >
< body  class ="bodycolor"  topmargin ="0"  leftmargin ="0" >
     < html:form  action ="/updateLendingcarts"  onsubmit ="return validate(this)" >     
     < table  width ="100%"  background ="../images/blank.gif"  border ="0"  cellspacing ="0"  cellpadding ="0" >
         < tr >< td  height ="7"  colspan ="2" ></ td ></ tr >
         < tr >
             < td  width ="45%"  height ="23"  align ="left" >< strong > &nbsp;&nbsp;   < img  src ="../images/small/page_tools_bar.gif"  width ="13"  height ="13" >< span  class ="css3 STYLE20" > &nbsp;&nbsp; 借阅信息 </ span ></ strong ></ td >
             < td  width ="55%"  align ="right" >
             < img  name ="aa"  src ="../images/xin_gh.gif"  width ="51"  height ="19"  alt =""  align ="absmiddle"   onclick ='btn_AddFolder()'   style ="cursor:hand" > &nbsp;  
             < img  name ="aa"  src ="../images/xin_gb.gif"  width ="51"  height ="19"  alt =""  align ="absmiddle"   style ="cursor:hand"  onclick ='javascript:window.close()' > &nbsp;  
             </ td >
         </ tr >
     </ table >
     < table  width ="100%"  border ="1"  cellpadding ="0"  cellspacing ="0"  style ="border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 0"  bordercolor ="#426EB4" >
         < tr >
             < td  width ="30%"  class ="td1_a" >< span  class ="STYLE1" > 请选择借阅号 </ span ></ td >     
             < td  width ="70%" >
             < html:select  property ="tbEngineFilereadId"  onchange ="Change_Select()"  styleClass ="SmallSelect" >
                 < html:option  value ="0" > 请选择 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </ html:option >
                    < html:options  collection ="idlist"  property ="tbEngineFilereadId"  labelProperty ="tbEngineFilereadId" />
             </ html:select >
             </ td >      
         </ tr >
     </ table >
      < div  id ="results" ></ div >
     < INPUT  TYPE ="hidden"  name ="method"  value ="doUpdateLendingcarts" >  
     </ html:form >
    
</ body >
</ html >

 页面内容看上去很多，其实关键代码并不多：

首先我们的获得下拉框的数据，并在页面上反映出来：

< html:select  property ="tbEngineFilereadId"  onchange ="Change_Select()"  styleClass ="SmallSelect" >
              < html:option  value ="0" > 请选择 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </ html:option >
              < html:options  collection ="idlist"  property ="tbEngineFilereadId"  labelProperty ="tbEngineFilereadId" />
    </ html:select >

当选择下拉框时，就会触动"Change_Select()"事件：

var  req;
var  dataDiv;
var  dataTable;
var  dataTableBody;
function  Change_Select()
... {
    dataTableBody=document.getElementById("lendingcartDataBody");
    dataTable=document.getElementById("lendingcartData");
    dataDiv=document.getElementById("popup");
    
    var zhi=document.getElementById('tbEngineFilereadId').value;
    var url="returnBlueprintPage.go?method=getLendingCart&id="+zhi;
    
    if(zhi=="0")...{
        alert("请选择您要察看的信息");
                 return;
    }else...{
        if(window.XMLHttpRequest)
        ...{
            req=new XMLHttpRequest();
        }else if(window.ActiveXObject)
        ...{
            req=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
        }
        
        if(req)
        ...{
            req.open("GET",url,true);
            req.onreadystatechange=callback;
            req.send(null);
        }
    }
}

function  callback()
... {
    if(req.readyState == 4)
    ...{
        if(req.status == 200)
        ...{
            //alert(req.responseText);
            document.getElementById("results").innerHTML=req.responseText;
        }else...{
            alert("Not able to retrieve description"+req.statusText);
        }
    }
}

这个js代码也不难，关键就在于"document.getElementById("results").innerHTML=req.responseText;"
我没有用JS来拼出页面，是考虑到页面的安全性问题，所以我采取了在后台拼出页面的做法。

最后看看action是怎样实现的：

/** */ /** 
     * 根据借阅号获得借阅信息 
     */
     public  ActionForward getLendingCart(
            ActionMapping mapping,
            ActionForm form,
            HttpServletRequest req,
            HttpServletResponse res) ... {
        
        String readID=(String)req.getParameter("id");
        
        TbEngineFileread tef=lendingCartsService.getLendingCartbyID(readID);
        
        MYhb yhb=lendingCartsService.getBM(tef.getTbEngineFilereadJyr());
        String jyrname=yhb.getMYhbXm();
        String jyrbmid=yhb.getMBm().getMBmBmbh();
        String jyrbmname=yhb.getMBm().getMBmMc();
    
        MYhb yhb1=lendingCartsService.getBM(tef.getTbEngineFilereadDjr());
        String djrname=yhb1.getMYhbXm();
        String djrbmid=yhb1.getMBm().getMBmBmbh();
        String djrbmname=yhb1.getMBm().getMBmMc();
        
        String date=tef.getTbEngineFilereadGetTime().substring(0,11);
        
        String redate="";
        if(tef.getTbEngineFilereadEndTime()!=null)...{
            redate=tef.getTbEngineFilereadEndTime().substring(0,11);
        }
        
        res.setContentType("text/xml;charset=GB2312");
        res.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        String xml="";
        xml+="<table width='100%' border='1' cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' style='border-collapse: collapse; border-top-width: 0' bordercolor='#426EB4'>";
        xml+="<tbody>";
        xml+="<tr>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>档案分类ID</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadSortId' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadSortId()+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>机械设备ID</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadEgineId' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadEgineId()+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="</tr>";
        xml+="<tr>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>蓝图ID</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadBluePrintId' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadBluePrintId()+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>备注</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadMemo' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadMemo()+" >"+"</td>";
        xml+="</tr>";
        xml+="<tr>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>借阅时间</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadGetTime' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+date+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>归还时间</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>";
        xml+="<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadEndTime' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+redate+">";    
        xml+="<img src='../js/date/img.gif' id='f_trigger_c' style='cursor: pointer; border: 1px solid red;'  title='Date selector' οnmοuseοver="this.style.background='red';" οnmοuseοut="this.style.background=''" />";    
        xml+="<script type="text/javascript"> ";
        xml+="Calendar.setup({ inputField     :    "tbEngineFilereadEndTime",  ifFormat       :    "%Y-%m-%d", button         :    "f_trigger_c",  align          :    "Tl", singleClick    :    "true" });";
        xml+="</"+"script>";
        xml+="</td>";
        xml+="</tr>";
        xml+="<tr>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>借阅人</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='hidden' name='tbEngineFilereadJyr' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadJyr()+" >";
        xml+="<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadJyrmc' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+jyrname+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>借阅人部门</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='hidden' name='tbEngineFilereadJyrbm' value="+jyrbmid+" >";
        xml+="<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadJyrbmmc' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+jyrbmname+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="</tr>";
        xml+="<tr>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>登记人</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='hidden' name='tbEngineFilereadDjr' value="+tef.getTbEngineFilereadDjr()+" >";
        xml+="<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadDjrmc' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+djrname+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="<td width='20%' class='td1_a'><span class='STYLE1'>登记人部门</span></td>";
        xml+="<td width='30%'>"+"<input type='hidden' name='tbEngineFilereadDjrbm' value="+djrbmid+" >";
        xml+="<input type='text' name='tbEngineFilereadDjrbmmc' class='smallInput' size='15' maxlength='15' value="+djrbmname+" readonly='true'>"+"</td>";
        xml+="</tr>";
        xml+="</tbody>";
        xml+="</table>";
        try ...{
            res.getWriter().write(xml);
        } catch (IOException e) ...{
            // TODO 自动生成 catch 块
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

这段代码虽然长，但不难。

至此，从下拉框选取内容的示例就完成了。