devmem调试内核驱动

在Linux开发中着实用到的调试工具并不是很多。devmem的方式是提供给驱动开发人员，在应用层能够侦测内存地址中的数据变化，以此来检测驱动中对内存或者相关配置的正确性验证。

    devmem2使用方法：


    devmem2 { address } [ type [ data ] ]


            address : 物理地址


            type :要访问的数据类型 : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord


            data :想要写入的数据，若为读取操作则省略此参数，若为写入，则必须含有此参数。

如下就贴出devmem2的源代码一探究竟。

01.#include <stdio.h>  
02.#include <stdlib.h>  
03.#include <unistd.h>  
04.#include <string.h>  
05.#include <errno.h>  
06.#include <signal.h>  
07.#include <fcntl.h>  
08.#include <ctype.h>  
09.#include <termios.h>  
10.#include <sys/types.h>  
11.#include <sys/mman.h>  
12.    
13.#define FATAL do { fprintf(stderr, "Error at line %d, file %s (%d) [%s]\n", \  
14.  __LINE__, __FILE__, errno, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } while(0)  
15.   
16.#define MAP_SIZE 4096UL  
17.#define MAP_MASK (MAP_SIZE - 1)  
18.  
19.int main(int argc, char **argv) {  
20.    int fd;  
21.    void *map_base, *virt_addr;   
22.    unsigned long read_result, writeval;  
23.    off_t target;  
24.    int access_type = 'w';  
25.      
26.    if(argc < 2) {//若参数个数少于两个则打印此工具的使用方法  
27.        fprintf(stderr, "\nUsage:\t%s { address } [ type [ data ] ]\n"  
28.            "\taddress : memory address to act upon\n"  
29.            "\ttype    : access operation type : [b]yte, [h]alfword, [w]ord\n"  
30.            "\tdata    : data to be written\n\n",  
31.            argv[0]);  
32.        exit(1);  
33.    }  
34.    target = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 0);  
35.  
36.    if(argc > 2)  
37.        access_type = tolower(argv[2][0]);  
38.  
39.  
40.    if((fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC)) == -1) FATAL;  
41.    printf("/dev/mem opened.\n");   
42.    fflush(stdout);  
43.      
44.    /* Map one page */ //将内核空间映射到用户空间  
45.    map_base = mmap(0, MAP_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, target & ~MAP_MASK);  
46.    if(map_base == (void *) -1) FATAL;  
47.    printf("Memory mapped at address %p.\n", map_base);   
48.    fflush(stdout);  
49.      
50.    virt_addr = map_base + (target & MAP_MASK);  
51.    //针对不同的参数获取不同类型内存数据  
52.    switch(access_type) {  
53.        case 'b':  
54.            read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);  
55.            break;  
56.        case 'h':  
57.            read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);  
58.            break;  
59.        case 'w':  
60.            read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);  
61.            break;  
62.        default:  
63.            fprintf(stderr, "Illegal data type '%c'.\n", access_type);  
64.            exit(2);  
65.    }  
66.    printf("Value at address 0x%X (%p): 0x%X\n", target, virt_addr, read_result);   
67.    fflush(stdout);  
68.        //若参数大于3个，则说明为写入操作，针对不同参数写入不同类型的数据  
69.    if(argc > 3) {  
70.        writeval = strtoul(argv[3], 0, 0);  
71.        switch(access_type) {  
72.            case 'b':  
73.                *((unsigned char *) virt_addr) = writeval;  
74.                read_result = *((unsigned char *) virt_addr);  
75.                break;  
76.            case 'h':  
77.                *((unsigned short *) virt_addr) = writeval;  
78.                read_result = *((unsigned short *) virt_addr);  
79.                break;  
80.            case 'w':  
81.                *((unsigned long *) virt_addr) = writeval;  
82.                read_result = *((unsigned long *) virt_addr);  
83.                break;  
84.        }  
85.        printf("Written 0x%X; readback 0x%X\n", writeval, read_result);   
86.        fflush(stdout);  
87.    }  
88.      
89.    if(munmap(map_base, MAP_SIZE) == -1) FATAL;  
90.    close(fd);  
91.    return 0;  
92.}