SilverLight:使用MVVM实现View层在程序运行时自动生成控件并且取得其值
在有一些项目中,UI界面上的控件有时是在程序运行时才生成的。这样的功能在MVVM中也很容易实现。并且可以通过按钮取得其值。
本实例主要实现程序运行时,在界面上生成四个控件,两个TextBox和两个TextBlock.并且点击按钮时,弹出TextBox中的值。如下图效果
实现方法分以下步骤
第一步:新建一个SivlerLight应用程序,命名为AutoCreatControl
第二步:新建一个ViewModel层,工程名为ViewModel
整个项目结构如下图
通过上面的项目结构图,大家知道需要新建什么文件了
第三步:在工程ViewModel新建一个文件夹ViewModel,并且建一个文件AutoControlViewModel.cs,在此文件中主要ViewModel层的属性和业务。首先要建一个属性,类型为StackPanel,此属性要包含两个TextBox控件和两个TextBlock控件。然后把此属性绑定到主页面即可显示在达到的效果,另外还要有一个绑定到Button的属性。详细情况请看代码
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace ViewModel
{
/// <summary>
/// 自动创建控件的ViewModel
/// </summary>
public class AutoControlViewModel
{
// 定义一个UI变量
StackPanel sp;
public AutoControlViewModel()
{
CreateControl();
}
/// <summary>
/// UI变量属性,用于绑定到View层
/// </summary>
public StackPanel Sp
{
get { return sp; }
set { sp = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 创建控件方法,在此方法中根据业务创建控件
/// </summary>
private void CreateControl()
{
sp = new StackPanel();
sp.Orientation = Orientation.Vertical;
StackPanel sp1 = new StackPanel();
sp1.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
TextBlock tb1 = new TextBlock();
tb1.Text = " 用户编号 " ;
tb1.Margin = new Thickness( 20 , 20 , 10 , 10 );
TextBox txt1 = new TextBox();
txt1.Width = 120 ;
txt1.Margin = new Thickness( 20 , 15 , 0 , 10 );
sp1.Children.Add(tb1);
sp1.Children.Add(txt1);
sp.Children.Add(sp1);
StackPanel sp2 = new StackPanel();
sp2.Orientation = Orientation.Horizontal;
TextBlock tb2 = new TextBlock();
tb2.Text = " 用户姓名 " ;
tb2.Margin = new Thickness( 20 , 5 , 10 , 10 );
TextBox txt2 = new TextBox();
txt2.Width = 120 ;
txt2.Margin = new Thickness( 20 , 0 , 0 , 10 );
sp2.Children.Add(tb2);
sp2.Children.Add(txt2);
sp.Children.Add(sp2);
}
/// <summary>
/// 绑定到Button上的Command上
/// </summary>
public ICommand OkButtonCommand
{
get { return new AutoControlCommand( this ); }
}
/// <summary>
/// 执行Button事件方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="obj"></param>
public void OkButtonClick( object obj)
{
UIElementCollection uc = obj as UIElementCollection;
foreach (UIElement cc in uc)
{
if (cc != null )
{
if (cc.GetType().Name == " ContentControl " )
{
ContentControl ccontrol = cc as ContentControl;
StackPanel spck = ccontrol.Content as StackPanel;
int count = spck.Children.Count;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < count; i ++ )
{
if (sp.Children[i].GetType().Name == " StackPanel " )
{
StackPanel spChild = sp.Children[i] as StackPanel;
for ( int k = 0 ; k < spChild.Children.Count; k ++ )
{
if (spChild.Children[k].GetType().Name == " TextBox " )
{
TextBox txt = spChild.Children[k] as TextBox;
MessageBox.Show(txt.Text);
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
第四步:在工程ViewModel中新建一个文件夹Command,然后再建一个文件AutoControlCommand.cs,在此文件中实现新口ICommand,实现在点击Button时,弹出一个对话框。代码如下
using System.Net;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Ink;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Animation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace ViewModel
{
public class AutoControlCommand:ICommand
{
AutoControlViewModel acvm;
public AutoControlCommand(AutoControlViewModel acv)
{
acvm = acv;
}
public bool CanExecute( object parameter)
{
return true ;
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged;
public void Execute( object parameter)
{
if (parameter != null )
acvm.OkButtonClick(parameter);
}
}
}
第五步:在MainPage.xaml中实现数据的绑定。其中绑定自动生成控件时,使用了ContentControl类,
ContentControl类表示包含单项内容的控件。像Button,CheckBox和ScrollView 这样的控件直接或间接继承自该类,ContentControl 的 Content 属性可以是任何类型的对象,例如字符串、UIElement 或 DateTime。当 Content 设置为 UIElement 时,ContentControl 中将显示 UIElement。当 Content 设置为其他类型的对象时,ContentControl 中将显示该对象的字符串表示形式。
通过对 ContentControl类的介绍,知道ContentControl的强大了吧,那么咱们就把ViewModel中的Sp属性绑定到ContentControl的Content即可实现自动生成控件
MainPage.xaml
xmlns = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation "
xmlns:x = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml "
xmlns:d = " http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008 "
xmlns:mc = " http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006 "
xmlns:local = " clr-namespace:ViewModel;assembly=ViewModel "
mc:Ignorable = " d "
d:DesignHeight = " 311 " d:DesignWidth = " 400 " >
< UserControl.Resources >
< local:AutoControlViewModel x:Key = " autoViewModel " />
</ UserControl.Resources >
< Grid x:Name = " LayoutRoot " Background = " White " DataContext = " {StaticResource autoViewModel} " >
< Grid.Children >
< ContentControl Content = " {Binding Sp} " />
< Button Content = " 确定 " Height = " 25 " Width = " 70 " Margin = " 143,87,187,198 " Command = " {Binding OkButtonCommand} " CommandParameter = " {Binding Children,ElementName=LayoutRoot,Mode=OneWay} " />
</ Grid.Children >
</ Grid >
</ UserControl >
通过以上代码就可以达到在MVVM模式中实现自动运行时生成控件的效果。