在我们实际的程序开发中,经常需要用到从excel导入数据中系统中,而为了防止用户在excel中乱输入文字,有些需要用到下拉选的地方,就需要从程序中动态生成模板。本例子简单的讲解一下,如何生成级联下拉选。
效果图:(选择汽车这个下拉选、后面水果下拉选的值动态改变)
级联下拉选的实现步骤:
1.在excel中的另外一个sheet页中,保存着下拉选的值
2.给下拉中的数据创建一个名字( 类似于在excel中操作命名管理器 )
3.使用INDIRECT()函数获取到级联下拉选的值。
4.poi官网上创建级联下拉选的说明
本例子中,动态excel模板的生成的一个简单思路。
注意:每一个模板字段,都是一个ExportDefinition对象,如果是下拉选的类型,则mainDict字段有值,根据它的值从DictData中加载下拉选的值,如果选择它存在一个级联操作,那么subDict和subField字段有值。subDict也是从DictData中加载数据,subField表示级联的字段
思路:
1.根据一组ExportDefinition定义对象,生成excel的导出模板,此时导出的模板中只有一行到出头数据。
2.创建数据字典页,这个里面保存下拉选需要用到的数据。
3.如果是主下拉选,则给主下拉选创建一个名称管理。
4.如果是主下拉选,并且关联了级联下拉选,则此时需要加载子下拉选的数据,且根据主下拉选中的每一项创建一个名称管理,值为关联的子下拉选的值
5.使用INDIRECT函数、设置数据的有效性等。
步骤:
1.创建下拉选的值
- public class DictData {
- public static Map<String, Object> dict = null;
- static {
- dict = new HashMap<>();
- List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
- list.add("汽车");
- list.add("水果");
- dict.put("car-dict", list);
- Map<String, List<String>> subMap = new HashMap<>();
- list = new ArrayList<>();
- list.add("宝马");
- list.add("大众");
- subMap.put("汽车", list);
- list = new ArrayList<>();
- list.add("苹果");
- list.add("梨子");
- subMap.put("水果", list);
- dict.put("fruit-dict", subMap);
- list = new ArrayList<>();
- list.add("汽车-1");
- list.add("水果-1");
- dict.put("t-dict", list);
- }
- /** 获取数据字典中的值 */
- public static Object getDict(String dict) {
- return DictData.dict.get(dict);
- }
- }
2.创建一个RowCellIndex对象,用于维护,当前创建了下拉选的第几行第几列
- public class RowCellIndex {
- /** 单元格的行索引 */
- private int rowIndex;
- /** 单元格的列索引 */
- private int cellIndex;
- public RowCellIndex(int rowIndex, int cellIndex) {
- this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
- this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
- }
- public int getRowIndex() {
- return rowIndex;
- }
- public void setRowIndex(int rowIndex) {
- this.rowIndex = rowIndex;
- }
- public int getCellIndex() {
- return cellIndex;
- }
- public void setCellIndex(int cellIndex) {
- this.cellIndex = cellIndex;
- }
- public int incrementRowIndexAndGet() {
- this.rowIndex++;
- return this.getRowIndex();
- }
- public int incrementCellIndexAndGet() {
- this.cellIndex++;
- return this.getCellIndex();
- }
- }
3.创建一个excel列的导出定义对象,省略部分getter和setter方法
- public class ExportDefinition {
- private String title; // 标题
- private String field; // 字段
- private int rowIndex; // 所在的行
- private int cellIndex; // 所在的列
- private String mainDict; // 主字典-用于加载主字典的数据
- private String subDict; // 子字典-用于加载subField的数据
- private String subField; // 即需要级联的字典
- private String refName; // 主字段所在的位置
- private String point; // 标题的坐标
- private boolean validate;// 是否设置数据的有限性
- public ExportDefinition(String title, String field, String mainDict, String subDict, String subField) {
- this.title = title;
- this.field = field;
- this.mainDict = mainDict;
- this.subDict = subDict;
- this.subField = subField;
- }
4.实现导出
- package com.huan.excel.ex2;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Map.Entry;
- import java.util.Objects;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
- import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.CellReference;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DataValidation;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Name;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
- import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
- /**
- * 生成级联下拉选
- *
- * @描述
- * @作者 huan
- * @时间 2017年3月31日 - 下午9:14:43
- */
- public class DropDownListTest {
- private static final String DICT_SHEET = "DICT_SHEET";
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
- // 1.准备需要生成excel模板的数据
- List<ExportDefinition> edList = new ArrayList<>(2);
- edList.add(new ExportDefinition("生活用品", "xx", null, null, null));
- edList.add(new ExportDefinition("汽车", "cat", "car-dict", "fruit-dict", "fruit"));
- edList.add(new ExportDefinition("水果", "fruit", "fruit-dict", "", ""));
- edList.add(new ExportDefinition("测试", "yy", "t-dict", null, null));
- // 2.生成导出模板
- Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
- Sheet sheet = createExportSheet(edList, wb);
- // 3.创建数据字典sheet页
- createDictSheet(edList, wb);
- // 4.设置数据有效性
- setDataValidation(edList, sheet);
- // 5.保存excel到本地
- OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("d:/4.xls");
- wb.write(os);
- System.out.println("模板生成成功.");
- }
- public static void createDataValidateSubList(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed) {
- int rowIndex = ed.getRowIndex();
- CellRangeAddressList cal;
- DVConstraint constraint;
- CellReference cr;
- DataValidation dataValidation;
- System.out.println(ed);
- for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
- int tempRowIndex = ++rowIndex;
- cal = new CellRangeAddressList(tempRowIndex, tempRowIndex, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
- cr = new CellReference(rowIndex, ed.getCellIndex() - 1, true, true);
- constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint("INDIRECT(" + cr.formatAsString() + ")");
- dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(cal, constraint);
- dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
- dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
- dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择,不要随便输入");
- sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
- }
- }
- /**
- * @param edList
- * @param sheet
- */
- private static void setDataValidation(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Sheet sheet) {
- for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
- if (ed.isValidate()) {// 说明是下拉选
- DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(ed.getField());
- if (null == ed.getRefName()) {// 说明是一级下拉选
- createDataValidate(sheet, ed, constraint);
- } else {// 说明是二级下拉选
- createDataValidateSubList(sheet, ed);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * @param sheet
- * @param ed
- * @param constraint
- */
- private static void createDataValidate(Sheet sheet, ExportDefinition ed, DVConstraint constraint) {
- CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getRowIndex() + 100, ed.getCellIndex(), ed.getCellIndex());
- DataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
- dataValidation.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
- // 设置提示信息
- dataValidation.createPromptBox("操作提示", "请选择下拉选中的值");
- // 设置输入错误信息
- dataValidation.createErrorBox("错误提示", "请从下拉选中选择,不要随便输入");
- sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
- }
- /**
- * @param edList
- * @param wb
- */
- private static void createDictSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb) {
- Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet(DICT_SHEET);
- RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(0, 0);
- for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
- String mainDict = ed.getMainDict();
- if (null != mainDict && null == ed.getRefName()) {// 是第一个下拉选
- List<String> mainDictList = (List<String>) DictData.getDict(mainDict);
- String refersToFormula = createDictAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, mainDictList);
- // 创建 命名管理
- createName(wb, ed.getField(), refersToFormula);
- ed.setValidate(true);
- }
- if (null != mainDict && null != ed.getSubDict() && null != ed.getSubField()) {// 联动时加载ed.getSubField()的数据
- ExportDefinition subEd = fiterByField(edList, ed.getSubField());// 获取需要级联的那个字段
- if (null == subEd) {
- continue;
- }
- subEd.setRefName(ed.getPoint());// 保存主下拉选的位置
- subEd.setValidate(true);
- Map<String, List<String>> subDictListMap = (Map<String, List<String>>) DictData.getDict(ed.getSubDict());
- for (Entry<String, List<String>> entry : subDictListMap.entrySet()) {
- String refersToFormula = createDictAndReturnRefFormula(sheet, rci, entry.getValue());
- // 创建 命名管理
- createName(wb, entry.getKey(), refersToFormula);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * @param sheet
- * @param rci
- * @param mainDict
- * @return
- */
- private static String createDictAndReturnRefFormula(Sheet sheet, RowCellIndex rci, List<String> datas) {
- Row row = sheet.createRow(rci.incrementRowIndexAndGet());
- rci.setCellIndex(0);
- int startRow = rci.getRowIndex();
- int startCell = rci.getCellIndex();
- for (String dict : datas) {
- row.createCell(rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet()).setCellValue(dict);
- }
- int endRow = rci.getRowIndex();
- int endCell = rci.getCellIndex();
- String startName = new CellReference(DICT_SHEET, startRow, startCell, true, true).formatAsString();
- String endName = new CellReference(endRow, endCell, true, true).formatAsString();
- String refersToFormula = startName + ":" + endName;
- System.out.println(refersToFormula);
- return refersToFormula;
- }
- /**
- * @param wb
- * @param nameName
- * 表示命名管理的名字
- * @param refersToFormula
- */
- private static void createName(Workbook wb, String nameName, String refersToFormula) {
- Name name = wb.createName();
- name.setNameName(nameName);
- name.setRefersToFormula(refersToFormula);
- }
- private static ExportDefinition fiterByField(List<ExportDefinition> edList, String field) {
- for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
- if (Objects.equals(ed.getField(), field)) {
- return ed;
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * @param edList
- * @param wb
- */
- private static Sheet createExportSheet(List<ExportDefinition> edList, Workbook wb) {
- Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("导出模板");
- RowCellIndex rci = new RowCellIndex(0, 0);
- Row row = sheet.createRow(rci.getRowIndex());
- CellReference cr = null;
- for (ExportDefinition ed : edList) {
- row.createCell(rci.incrementCellIndexAndGet()).setCellValue(ed.getTitle());
- ed.setRowIndex(rci.getRowIndex());
- ed.setCellIndex(rci.getCellIndex());
- cr = new CellReference(ed.getRowIndex() + 1, ed.getCellIndex(), true, true);
- ed.setPoint(cr.formatAsString());
- }
- return sheet;
- }
- }