第一章 基础知识
1.1 简单使用和认识 python
>>> 2**3
>>> pow(2, 3)
>>> 2+8
>>> x = input("x: ")
>>> print 'hello world'
>>> print "hello world"
>>> print 3
>>> print '3'
>>> 0xAF
175
>>> 010
8
>>> abs(-10)
>>> round(1.0/2.0) // 把浮点数四舍五入为最简介的整数值
1.0
* 模块
>>> import math
>>> math.floor(32.9)
32.0
>>> math.sqrt(9)
3.0
>>>
hello.py $ python2 hello.py
name = raw_input("What is your name?")
print "Hello, " + name + "!"
hello2.py $ chmod u+x hello2.py
#!/usr/bin/python2.7
# you should zhushi
name = raw_input("What your name ? \n")
print "Hello " + name + " !\n"
单引号 和 双引号
>>> "Let's go"
"Let's go"
>>> '"hello world" she said'
'"hello world" she said'
字符串 (3种方法可以转化之) str, repr, 反引号。 print 与 不用 print
>>> '"hello world" she said'
'"hello world" she said'
>>> "hello world"
'hello world'
>>> 10000L
10000L
>>> print "hello world"
hello world
>>> print 10000L
10000
>>> print repr("Hello, world")
'Hello, world'
>>> print repr(10000L)
10000L
>>> print str("Hello world")
Hello world
>>> print str(10000L)
10000
>>>
input 与 raw_input 的区别
>>> raw_input("shuru : ")
shuru : 6
'6'
>>> input("shuru : ") #默认为合法的python表达式
shuru : 5
5
>>>
长字符串, 原始字符串 和 Unicode
>>> print '''asddddddjkhasdjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkaweuwqbxcs'''
asddddddjkhasdjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkaweuwqbxcs
>>> print """asddddddjkhasdjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkaweuwqbxcs"""
asddddddjkhasdjkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkaweuwqbxcs
>>> print 'C:\nowhere'
C:
owhere
>>> print r'C:\nowhere'
C:\nowhere
>>> print r'C:\nowhere''\\' # 解决最后一个字符是 '\' 的情况! 完美解决
C:\nowhere\
>>> print u'hello, world' # Unicode 字符串, 在python3.0中,所有的字符串都是 Unicode 字符串
hello, world
>>>
本章小结
*1 算法
*2 表达式
*3 变量
*4 语句
*5 函数
*6 模块 #例如 : math模块提供了很多数学函数
*7 程序
*8 字符串
本章涉及的新函数 : abs, cmath.sqrt, float(object) 将字符串和数字转换为浮点数, 同 int(Object), long(object), help(), math.ceil(number), pow(x, y[,z]), round, str(object)......