http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25835268-id-3055356.html--makefile

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25835268-id-3055356.html

makefile系列 写的很好 

一下是一个稍微完整的Makefile文件，文件编译的工程一共有四个模块：array，foo，hello，Main；
头文件在inc中，源码和子Makefile在src目录中。

1. #主Makefile
   
2. #环境变量,目标路径,进入子目录make all clean,总的make all clean,打印完成信息
   
3. 
   
4. .PHONY:all clean
   
5. 
   
6. MAKE = make
   
7. MAKEFLAG = -r
   
8. 
   
9. RM = rm
   
10. RMFLAG = -rf
    
11. 
    
12. #ROOT是上一目录的绝对路径
    
13. ROOT = $(realpath ..)
    
14. DIR = $(ROOT)/code/foo/src $(ROOT)/code/hello/src $(ROOT)/code/array/src $(ROOT)/code/Main/src
    
15. 
    
16. RMS = $(ROOT)/build/exes $(ROOT)/build/libs
    
17. 
    
18. #1.生成的目标与依赖关系集合
    
19. #循环 cd make clean
    
20. all clean:
    
21.     @echo "Make $@ begin!"
    
22.     @set -e ;\
    
23.     for dir in $(DIR) ;\
    
24.     do \
    
25.         cd $$dir && $(MAKE) -r ROOT=$(ROOT) $@ ;\
    
26.     done
    
27.     @set -e ;\
    
28.     if [ "$(MAKECMDGOALS)" = "clean" ]; \
    
29.         then $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $(RMS); \
    
30.     fi
    
31.     @echo ""
    
32.     @echo "~) Completed"
    
33.     @echo ""
    
34. 
    
35. #先必须执行完毕所有的子Makefile中的all clean规则,再执行总的all clean规则,这在26行
    
36. #在这一点上无论是all clean都一样,故有一致性,可以写在一起

主Makefile

1. #公有Makefile
2. 
   
3. .PHONY:all clean
4. 
   
5. CC = gcc
6. RM = rm
7. RMFLAG = -rf
8. MKDIR = mkdir
9. AR = ar
10. ARFLAG = crs
11. 
    
12. #3.路径
13. #绝对路径
14. DIR_EXE = $(ROOT)/build/exes
15. DIR_LIBS = $(ROOT)/build/libs
16. #相对路径
17. DIR_DEPS = deps
18. DIR_OBJS = objs
19. DIRS = $(DIR_DEPS) $(DIR_EXE) $(DIR_LIBS) $(DIR_OBJS)
20. 
    
21. #3**.RMS clean:exe .a .o .dep文件
22. #每个子Makefile应该清理掉的战场: .o和.dep文件
23. RMS = $(DIR_DEPS) $(DIR_OBJS)
24. 
    
25. #2.目标
26. #EXE =
27. #LIBS =
28. ifneq ("$(LIBS)","")
29. LIBS := $(addprefix $(DIR_LIBS)/,$(LIBS))
30. RMS += $(LIBS)
31. endif
32. ifneq ("$(EXE)","")
33. EXE := $(addprefix $(DIR_EXE)/,$(EXE))
34. RMS += $(EXE)
35. endif
36. 
    
37. #4.源
38. SRCS = $(wildcard *.c)
39. OBJS = $(SRCS:.c=.o)
40. OBJS := $(addprefix $(DIR_OBJS)/,$(OBJS))
41. #依赖关系文件加上路径
42. DEPS = $(SRCS:.c=.dep)
43. DEPS := $(addprefix $(DIR_DEPS)/,$(DEPS))
44. 
    
45. #6.LINK_LIBS与INCLUDE_DIRS
46. #-I *.h在生成.o文件的方法里和依赖关系里面都用到了,一共两处,INCLUDE_DIRS变量在子Makefile中指定
47. #-l *.a $(LINK_LIBS)与$(DEP_LIBS)
48. #做出一个libX%的筛选器,找出$(DIR_LIBS)/里面的所有库文件
49. ifneq ("$(LINK_LIBS)","")
50. LINK_LIBS := $(strip $(LINK_LIBS))
51. LINK_LIBS := $(addprefix -l,$(LINK_LIBS))
52. LIB_ALL := $(notdir $(wildcard $(DIR_LIBS)/*))
53. LIB_FILTERED := $(addsuffix %, $(addprefix lib,$(LINK_LIBS)))
54. $(eval DEP_LIBS=$(filter $(LIB_FILTERED),$(LIB_ALL)))
55. DEP_LIBS := $(addprefix $(DIR_LIBS)/,$(DEP_LIBS))
56. endif
57. ifneq ("$(INCLUDE_DIRS)","")
58. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(strip $(INCLUDE_DIRS))
59. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(addprefix -I,$(INCLUDE_DIRS))
60. endif
61. 
    
62. #5.DEP_DIR_EXE
63. #目录不存在则新建目录
64. #使用ifeq [ "$(DEP_DIR_EXE)","" ],ifeq [ "$(DEP_DIR_EXE" = "" ]是不行的,每次运行Makefile $(DEP_DIR_EXE)都是空,变量是空与文件夹不存在是两回事
65. ifeq ("$(wildcard $(DIR_EXE))","")
66. DEP_DIR_EXE := $(DIR_EXE)
67. endif
68. ifeq ("$(wildcard $(DIR_OBJS))","")
69. DEP_DIR_OBJS := $(DIR_OBJS)
70. endif
71. ifeq ("$(wildcard $(DIR_LIBS))","")
72. DEP_DIR_LIBS := $(DIR_LIBS)
73. endif
74. ifeq ("$(wildcard $(DIR_DEPS))","")
75. DEP_DIR_DEPS := $(DIR_DEPS)
76. endif
77. 
    
78. #1.生成关系目标依赖
79. #include与mkdir
80. #all与DEP_LIBS
81. all:$(EXE) $(LIBS)
82. ifneq ($(MAKECMDGOALS),clean)
83. include $(DEPS)
84. endif
85. $(DIRS):
86. $(MKDIR) $@
87. $(EXE):$(DEP_DIR_EXE) $(OBJS) $(DEP_LIBS)
88. $(CC) -L $(DIR_LIBS) -o $@ $(filter %.o,$^) $(LINK_LIBS)
89. $(DIR_OBJS)/%.o:$(DEP_DIR_OBJS) %.c
90. $(CC) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) -o $@ -c $(filter %.c,$^)
91. $(LIBS):$(DEP_DIR_LIBS) $(OBJS)
92. $(AR) $(ARFLAG) $@ $(filter %.o,$^)
93. 
    
94. #7.dep依赖关系规则,以便include生成,dep文件
95. $(DIR_DEPS)/%.dep:$(DEP_DIR_DEPS) %.c
96. @echo "Creating $@ ..."
97. @set -e ; \
98. $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $@.tmp ; \
99. $(CC) $(INCLUDE_DIRS) -E -MM $(filter %.c,$^) > $@.tmp ; \
100. sed 's,\(.*\)\.o[ :]*,objs/\1.o $@: ,g' < $@.tmp > $@ ; \
101. $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $@.tmp
102. 
     
103. #8.clean
104. clean:
105. $(RM) $(RMFLAG) $(RMS)

公有Makefile

1. #子Makefile模板
   
2. #子目标 .h 库 包含公有Makefile
   
3. 
   
4. EXE = 
   
5. LIBS = libarray.a
   
6. 
   
7. INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/array/inc
   
8. LINK_LIBS =
   
9. include $(ROOT)/build/MakefileRule

子Makefilearray模块

1. #子Makefile模板
   
2. #子目标 .h 库 包含公有Makefile
   
3. 
   
4. EXE =
   
5. LIBS = libfoo.a
   
6. 
   
7. INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc
   
8. LINK_LIBS =
   
9. include $(ROOT)/build/MakefileRule

子Makefilefoo模块

1. #子Makefile模板
   
2. #子目标 .h 库 包含公有Makefile
   
3. 
   
4. #ROOT = /home/qq/learning/MakefileModel/
   
5. 
   
6. EXE =
   
7. LIBS = libhello.a
   
8. 
   
9. INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/hello/inc
   
10. LINK_LIBS =
    
11. include $(ROOT)/build/MakefileRule

子Makefilehello模块

1. #子Makefile模板
   
2. #子目标 .h 库 包含公有Makefile
   
3. 
   
4. EXE = complicated
   
5. LIBS = 
   
6. 
   
7. INCLUDE_DIRS = $(ROOT)/code/array/inc $(ROOT)/code/foo/inc $(ROOT)/code/hello/inc
   
8. LINK_LIBS = array foo hello
   
9. include $(ROOT)/build/MakefileRule