Python的Switch语句

在编程语言中 switch 语句是比较常见的一种语法，但是python却摒弃了switch 官方的建议是使用 if-elif-…-else来代替，但是如果就是想用switch怎么办呢，也有方法

方法一：使用dict字典实现

def switch(arg):
    sw = {0:"zero",1:"one",3:"three"}
    # 参数一：要传入的参数arg，参数二：默认值，当dict中没有对应的arg的键值的时候使用该默认值
    return sw.get(arg,"nothing")

print(switch(8))

方法二：使用lambda表达式实现

switch = {"a":lambda x:x * 2,"b":lambda x:x * 3,"c":lambda x:x ** x}

try:
    # ['x'](y):x表示dict的key，y表示key对应的value的lambda表达式的参数
    print(switch["a"](4))
except KeyError as e:
    pass

创建自己的类来实现

该方法一般不实用，太麻烦。。。

# This class provides the functionality we want. You only need to look at
# this if you want to know how this works. It only needs to be defined
# once, no need to muck around with its internals.
class switch(object):
    def __init__(self, value):
        self.value = value
        self.fall = False
    def __iter__(self):
        """Return the match method once, then stop"""
        yield self.match
        raise StopIteration
    def match(self, *args):
        """Indicate whether or not to enter a case suite"""
        if self.fall or not args:
            return True
        elif self.value in args: # changed for v1.5, see below
            self.fall = True
            return True
        else:
            return False
# The following example is pretty much the exact use-case of a dictionary,
# but is included for its simplicity. Note that you can include statements
# in each suite.
v = 'ten'
for case in switch(v):
    if case('one'):
        print 1
        break
    if case('two'):
        print 2
        break
    if case('ten'):
        print 10
        break
    if case('eleven'):
        print 11
        break
    if case(): # default, could also just omit condition or 'if True'
        print "something else!"
        # No need to break here, it'll stop anyway