cpp11.3

vector.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
namespace VECTOR
{
	class Vector
	{
	public:
		enum Mode { RECT, POL };

	private:
		double x;
		double y;
		double mag;
		double ang;
		Mode mode;

		void set_mag();
		void set_ang();
		void set_x();
		void set_y();

	public:
		Vector();
		Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
		void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
		~Vector();
		double xval() const { return x; }
		double yval() const { return y; }
		double magval() const { return mag; }
		double angval() const { return ang; }
		void polar_mode();
		void rect_mode();

		Vector operator+(const Vector & b) const;
		Vector operator-(const Vector & b) const;
		Vector operator-() const;
		Vector operator*(double n) const;

		friend Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a);
		friend std::ostream &
			operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v);

	};

}

vector.cpp

#include<cmath>
#include"vector.h"
using std::sqrt;
using std::sin;
using std::cos;
using std::atan;
using std::atan2;
using std::cout;

namespace VECTOR
{
	const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0);

	void Vector::set_mag()
	{
		mag = sqrt(x*x + y*y);
	}

	void Vector::set_ang()
	{
		if (x == 0.0 && y == 0.0)
			ang = 0.0;
		else
			ang = atan2(y, x);
	}

	void Vector::set_x()
	{
		x = mag*cos(ang);
	}

	void Vector::set_y()
	{
		y = mag*sin(ang);
	}


	Vector::Vector()
	{
		x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
		mode = RECT;
	}

	Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1;
			y = n2;
			set_mag();
			set_ang();
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			mag = n1;
			ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			set_x();
			set_y();
		}

		else
		{
			cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- ";
			cout << "vector set to 0\n";
			x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1;
			y = n2;
			set_mag();
			set_ang();
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			mag = n1;
			ang = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			set_x();
			set_y();
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() --";
			cout << "vector set to 0\n";
			x = y = mag = ang = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	Vector::~Vector()
	{
	}

	void Vector::polar_mode()
	{
		mode = POL;

	}

	void Vector::rect_mode()
	{
		mode = RECT;
	}

	Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector & b) const
	{
		return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y);
	}

	Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector & b) const
	{
		return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);

	}


	Vector Vector::operator-() const
	{
		return Vector(-x, -y);
	}


	Vector Vector::operator*(double n) const
	{
		return Vector(n*x, n*y);
	}


	Vector operator*(double n, const Vector & a)
	{
		return a*n;
	}

	std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const Vector & v)
	{
		if (v.mode == Vector::RECT)
			os << "(x,y)=(" << v.x << ", " << v.y << ")";
		else if (v.mode == Vector::POL)
		{
			os << "(m,a)=(" << v.mag << ", "
				<< v.ang*Rad_to_deg << ")";
		}
		else
			os << "Vector object mode is invalid";

		return os;
	}
}

randwalk.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include"vector.h"

int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector step;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	cout << "enter target distance (q to quit): ";
	while (cin >> target)
	{
		cout << "Enter step lengh: ";
		if (!(cin >> dstep))
			break;

		while (result.magval() < target)
		{
			direction = rand() % 360;
			step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
			result = result + step;
			steps++;
		}
		cout << "After " << steps << "steps, the subject "
			"has the following location:\n";
		cout << result << endl;
		result.polar_mode();
		cout << " or\n" << result << endl;
		cout << "Average outward distance per step = "
			<< result.magval() / steps << endl;
		steps = 0;
		result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
		cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
	}
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;

	system("pause");
	return 0;

}