Linux -＞ 安装Oracle(傻瓜式)

• Linux安装Oracle(详细版)

1.安装前环境

• 下载：(百度网盘会失效,失效了你们就自己去找吧)

• 链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1kqCIrHPtcCvSBOZLueeQ2g

• 提取码：6666

  • linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

  • linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[root@OracleOne ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

2.准备工作

有网络

• yum -y install vim //个人喜好vim编辑各种配置文件(有颜色)
• yum -y install unzip //下载unzip,用来解压上述两个zip压缩文件

无网络: CentOS 手动配置本地 yum 源

• cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

• mv CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Media.repo.bak

• yum clean all

• mkdir -p /media/cdrom

• 用xftp等软件,将ISO拷到 /media 目录下
  

• cd /media

[root@OracleOne media]# ls
cdrom  CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso

• mount -t auto /media/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.iso /media/cdrom/

• cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

• vi CentOS-Media.repo

• 将以下内容复制到文件中:

# CentOS-Media.repo
#
[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

• yum -y install vim //个人喜好vim编辑各种配置文件(有颜色)
• yum -y install unzip //下载unzip,用来解压上述两个zip压缩文件

准备安装包

• mkdir /home/oracle
• cd /home/oracle
• unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip //解压
• unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
  • (公司就解压自己的zip就可以)
  • unzip database.zip

[root@OracleOne oracle]# ls
database  database.zip

• 在vim /etc/hosts文件中增加主机名到回环IP的映射如下：
• vim /etc/hostname文件中修改主机名

[root@OracleOne oracle]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost 
::1         localhost 
192.168.9.29 oracleone
[root@oracleone ~]# cat /etc/hostname 
oracleone
[root@OracleOne oracle]# hostname
oracleone

• vim /etc/selinux/config
  • #设置 SELINUX=disabled #Disable（关闭模式）

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

• setenforce 0 #关闭selinux
• service iptables stop #临时关闭防火墙’

3.安装必须的包

安装必须的包 => 还没开始安装Oracle

• yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

安装完成后，检查依赖是否安装成功
=> 没有显示任何信息就是都完全安装依赖

• rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

如果验证无法通过，则需要安装pdksh包(该程序包未被纳入CentOS的安装盘中)：

• wget -no-check-certificate http://vault.centos.org/5.11/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
  • 没有wget命令用yum -y install wget安装
• rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm
  • (注意：该程序包与ksh冲突，如果已经安装ksh，建议使用命令 rpm -e ksh-* 卸载)

4.准备安装用户及用户组

• groupadd oinstall
• groupadd dba
• useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /opt/oracle oracle

5.创建安装目录和设置文件权限

• mkdir /home/oracle/11.2.0 #数据库系统安装目录

• mkdir /opt/oracle/inventory #清单目录(创建再oracle用户目录里)

• chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle

• chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle/inventory

• chmod -R 775 /home/oracle

6.修改内核参数配置文件

• vim /etc/sysctl.conf #在文件最后增加

 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
 fs.file-max = 6815744
 kernel.shmall = 2097152
 kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
 kernel.shmmni = 4096
 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
 net.core.rmem_default = 262144
 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
 net.core.wmem_default = 262144
 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

• /sbin/sysctl -p #让参数生效

7.配置oracle环境变量

• cd /opt/oracle #创建用户oracle时自动创建的目录

• vim .bash_profile #新建并编辑文件

修改并加入以下內容

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracleone#通过hostname获取机器名
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle #安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0 #安装目录
export ORACLE_SID=orclone #oracle的sid
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
#export LC_ALL="en_US"
#export LANG="en_US"
#export NLS_LANG="ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_LANG=American_America.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$HOME/bin

• source /opt/oracle/.bash_profile

环境准备完毕，准备安装

8.修改用户的限制文件

• vim /etc/security/limits.conf #在文件后增加

 oracle      soft  nproc      2047
 oracle      hard  nproc      16384
 oracle      soft  nofile     1024
 oracle      hard  nofile     65536
 oracle      soft  stack      10240

• 修改vim /etc/pam.d/login文件，增加如下：

session  required  /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session   required  pam_limits.so

• 修改vim /etc/profile,增加：

 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then 
 if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then 
  ulimit -p 16384 
  ulimit -n 65536 
 else 
  ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 
 fi 
 fi

• source /etc/profile

9.编辑静默安装响应文件

• su - oracle

• cp -R /home/oracle/database/response /home/oracle

• cd /home/oracle/response

• mv db_install.rsp db_install_swonly.rsp

• vim db_install_swonly.rsp #开始修改这个安装响应文件

需要设置的选项如下：

• oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #只安装软件，不安装实例启动数据库

• ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oraclone #通过hostname命令获得

• UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #只安装

• INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/oracle/inventory #用户目录

• SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

• ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/11.2.0

• ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle

• oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
  

• oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

• oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
  

• DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true//一定要设置为true

  • :/+搜索的内容+回车
    

10.安装oracle

• cd /home/oracle/database

• ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install_swonly.rsp -ignorePrereq
  

• 打开另一个终端，执行提示的脚本

• /opt/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh

• /home/oracle/11.2.0/root.sh

11.静默配置监听

• exit
• chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/
• su - oracle
• /home/oracle/11.2.0/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp
• netstat -tnlp 命令查看
• lsnrctl stop
• lsnrctl start
• lsnrctl status

[oracle@oracletwo ~]$ netstat -tnlp
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name                 
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      1711/tnslsnr                     
[oracle@oracletwo ~]$ 

12.静默建立新库

修改vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

• 修改如下：

• GDBNAME = "orcl" //数据库的名字

• SID = "orcl" //对应的实例名字

• SYSPASSWORD = "SYS" //SYS管理员密码

• SYSTEMPASSWORD = "SYSTEMP" //SYSTEM管理员密码

• DATAFILEDESTINATION = /home/oracle/oradata //数据文件存放目录

• RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/home/oracle/flash_recovery_area //恢复数据存放目录

• CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" //字符集，重要!!!

• TOTALMEMORY = "1048"

在oracle用户下执行

• dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

[oracle@oracleone ~]$ vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
[oracle@oracleone ~]$ dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
复制数据库文件
1% 已完成
3% 已完成
11% 已完成
18% 已完成
37% 已完成
正在创建并启动 Oracle 实例
40% 已完成
45% 已完成
50% 已完成
55% 已完成
56% 已完成
60% 已完成
62% 已完成
正在进行数据库创建
66% 已完成
70% 已完成
73% 已完成
85% 已完成
96% 已完成
100% 已完成
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/home/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orclone/orclone.log"。

• 建库后实例检查：
• ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
• ps -ef | grep ora

//取部分
[root@oracleone ~]# ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
25
[root@oracleone ~]# ps -ef | grep ora
oracle     1924      1  0 03:02 ?        00:00:01 /home/oracle/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
oracle     2259      1  0 03:20 ?        00:00:02 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle     2261      1  0 03:20 ?        00:00:06 ora_psp0_orcl

• 查看监听状态
• lsnrctl status
  • lsnrctlOracle用户命令还有stop/start参数

[root@oracleone ~]# su - oracle
上一次登录：一 11月 29 17:29:52 CST 2021pts/0 上
[oracle@oracleone ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 30-NOV-2021 09:10:16

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                29-NOV-2021 17:56:50
Uptime                    0 days 15 hr. 13 min. 26 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /home/oracle/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /home/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracleone/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracleone)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

• 开放1521端口
• su - root

查看已开端口：			firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports
添加指定需要开放的端口：	firewall-cmd --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
重载入添加的端口：			firewall-cmd --reload
查询指定端口是否开启成功：	firewall-cmd --query-port=1521/tcp
移除指定端口：			firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=1521/tcp

• firewall-cmd --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
• firewall-cmd --reload
• firewall-cmd --permanent --list-ports

[root@oracleone ~]# firewall-cmd --add-port=1521/tcp --permanent
success
[root@oracleone ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

13.修改数据库为归档模式(归档模式才能热备份)

• su - oracle

• sqlplus / as sysdba

• SQL> conn / as sysdba

• SQL> shutdown immediate;

• SQL> startup mount;

• SQL> alter database archivelog; #archivelog:归档模式

• SQL> alter database flashback on; #开启闪回

• SQL> alter database open; #完成启动Oracle

• SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();

• SQL> alter system archive log current;

• SQL> exit;

[oracle@oracleone ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue Nov 30 09:14:29 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  822579200 bytes
Fixed Size		    2257720 bytes
Variable Size		  276827336 bytes
Database Buffers	  536870912 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6623232 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial();
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.

SQL> exit;

14.修改oracle启动配置文件

• su - oracle

• vim /etc/oratab

  • orcl:/home/oracledir/11.2.0:Y

orclone:/home/oracle/11.2.0:Y

分别打开两个文件找到：ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1
修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

• vim $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
• vim $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut

只能在orale用户下,启动dbstart和关闭dbshut Oracle

• dbshut
• dbstart
• lsnrctl status

15.建立Oracle服务及其开机自启动

• su - root
• vim /etc/init.d/oracle
• 添加如下脚本：

#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig: 2345 20 80   
#以下请根据安装oracle时的具体情况进行修改
ORA_HOME=/home/oracle/11.2.0
ORA_OWNER=oracle
LOGFILE=/home/oracle/log/oracle.log
echo "#################################" >> ${LOGFILE}
date +"### %T %a %D: Run Oracle" >> ${LOGFILE}
if [ ! -f ${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbstart ] || [ ! -f ${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbshut ]; then
    echo "Error: Missing the script file ${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbstart or ${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbshut!" >> ${LOGFILE}
    echo "#################################" >> ${LOGFILE}
    exit
fi
start(){
    echo "###开启 Database..."
    su - ${ORA_OWNER} -c "${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbstart ${ORA_HOME}"
    echo "###Done."
    echo "###Run database control..."
    su - ${ORA_OWNER} -c "${ORA_HOME}/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
    echo "###Done."
}
stop(){
    echo "###Stop database control..."
    su - ${ORA_OWNER} -c "${ORA_HOME}/bin/emctl stop dbconsole"
    echo "###Done."
    echo "###停止 Database..."
    su - ${ORA_OWNER} -c "${ORA_HOME}/bin/dbshut ${ORA_HOME}"
    echo "###Done."
}
case "$1" in
    'start')
        start
    ;;
    'stop')
        stop
    ;;
    'restart')
        stop
        start
    ;;
    *)
    echo "请使用参数stop/start/restart"
        stop
        start
    ;;
esac
date +"### %T %a %D: Finished." >> ${LOGFILE}
echo "#################################" >> ${LOGFILE}
echo ""  

• chmod 777 /etc/init.d/oracle
• chkconfig --add oracle
• chkconfig oracle on

至此可使用如下命令对oracle的启动或关闭进行管理

• service oracle stop #关闭
• service oracle start #启动
• service oracle restart #重启
• netstat -tnlp

[root@oracleone ~]# chmod 775 /etc/init.d/oracle
[root@oracleone ~]# chkconfig --add oracle
[root@oracleone ~]# service oracle stop
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 7: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 8: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
###Stop database control...
OC4J Configuration issue. /home/oracle/11.2.0/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_oracleone_orclone not found. 
###Done.
###停止 Database...
Processing Database instance "orclone": log file /home/oracle/11.2.0/shutdown.log
###Done.
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 46: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 47: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory

[root@oracleone ~]# service oracle start
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 7: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 8: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
###开启 Database...
Processing Database instance "orclone": log file /home/oracle/11.2.0/startup.log
###Done.
###Run database control...
OC4J Configuration issue. /home/oracle/11.2.0/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_oracleone_orclone not found. 
###Done.
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 46: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory
/etc/init.d/oracle: line 47: /home/oracle/log/oracle.log: No such file or directory

[root@oracleone ~]# netstat -tnlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name         
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      6002/tnslsnr           
tcp6       0      0 :::17818                :::*                    LISTEN      6126/ora_d000_orclo 

16.用新建的用户连接数据库，并建立一个表

• su - oracle
• export NLS_LANG=American_America.AL32UTF8

创建有一个数据库用户

• sqlplus / as sysdba
• SQL >conn / as sysdba;

修改sys密码：

• SQL >alter user system identified by system;

• SQL >alter user sys identified by sys;

• SQL >ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;

  • 密码不过期

创建用户test:

• SQL > create user test identified by test;

赋予权限:

• SQL > grant connect,resource,dba to test;

• SQL > exit;

登陆

• sqlplus test/test

• SQL> create table TEST(ID int, NAME varchar(20));

• SQL> insert into TEST values(1, '张三');

• SQL> select * from TEST;

SQL> create table TEST(ID int, NAME varchar(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into TEST values(1, '张三');

1 row created.

SQL> select * from TEST;

	ID NAME
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
         1 张三

17.Oracle升级补丁

补丁准备

• Linux 平台下 2019 年 4 月发布的补丁包 p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip p29255947_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

如下地址下载：

• https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/PatchSearchResults?_afrLoop=27957295908138&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=11h190dceq_4

• su - root

• cd /home/oracle/oraPatch/

• unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

• unzip p29255947_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

• chmod -R 775 /home/oracle/oraPatch/

停止oracle

• service oracle stop

升级OPatch

• su - oracle
• opatch lsinventory
• cd /home/oracle/11.2.0/

原补丁备份

• mv OPatch OPatch_bk
• cp -R /home/oracle/oraPatch/OPatch /home/oracle/11.2.0/
• opatch version

[oracle@oracleone ~]$ cd /home/oracle/11.2.0/
[oracle@oracleone 11.2.0]$ cp -R /home/oracle/oraPatch/OPatch /home/oracle/11.2.0/
[oracle@oracleone 11.2.0]$ opatch version
OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.21

OPatch succeeded.

升级PSU补丁

• su - root
• yum -y install psmisc
• su - oracle
• cd /home/oracle/oraPatch/29255947/29141056
• opatch apply

首先输入 y, 不需要输入邮箱直接回车，接着输入 Y 然后输入 y

[oracle@oracleone ~]$ cd /home/oracle/oraPatch/29255947/29141056
[oracle@oracleone 29141056]$ opatch apply
Oracle 临时补丁程序安装程序版本 11.2.0.3.21
版权所有 (c) 2021, Oracle Corporation。保留所有权利。


Oracle 主目录       ：/home/oracle/11.2.0
主产品清单：/opt/oracle/inventory
   来自           ：/home/oracle/11.2.0/oraInst.loc
OPatch 版本    ：11.2.0.3.21
OUI 版本       ：11.2.0.4.0
日志文件位置：/home/oracle/11.2.0/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2021-11-30_11-37-51上午_1.log

Verifying environment and performing prerequisite checks...
OPatch continues with these patches:   17478514  18031668  18522509  19121551  19769489  20299013  20760982  21352635  21948347  22502456  23054359  24006111  24732075  25869727  26609445  26392168  26925576  27338049  27734982  28204707  28729262  29141056  

是否继续? [y|n]
y
User Responded with: Y
All checks passed.
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是否不希望收到有关安全问题 (是 [Y], 否 [N]) [N] 的通知:  y



请关闭本地系统上在此 ORACLE_HOME 之外运行的 Oracle 实例。
(Oracle 主目录 = '/home/oracle/11.2.0')


本地系统是否已准备打补丁? [y|n]
y

启动数据库，执行升级脚本（如存在多个实例，每个实例都需要执行）

• su - root
• service oracle start
• su - oracle
• cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
• sqlplus / as sysdba
• SQL > @catbundle.sql psu apply ;
• SQL > @utlrp.sql;
• SQL > @dbmsjdev.sql;
• SQL > exec dbms_java_dev.disable;
• SQL > grant execute on DBMS_JAVA to resource;

告辞