更新时间:2018/06/29
前言
最近开始学习Linux,记录一下,备注一下:今天有人问我博客中代码乱,解释一下,我用的oh-my-zsh,在终端里面带颜色,实际上箭头右面第一个是路径,之后才是命令哈~~~
常用系统工作命令
echo
用于在终端输出字符或变量值,格式:echo [字符串|$变量],命令如下:
➜ ~ echo SHELL
SHELL
➜ ~ echo $SHELL
/bin/zsh
date
用于显示和设置系统时间和日期,格式:date [选项] [+指定格式]
参数 | 解释 |
---|---|
%t | tab键 |
%H | 小时00~23 |
%I | 小时00~12 |
%M | 分钟00~59 |
%S | 秒00~59 |
%j | 今年的第几天 |
常用命令及输出结果如下:
➜ ~ date
2018年 6月21日 星期四 21时02分22秒 CST
➜ ~ date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
2018-06-21 21:02:33
➜ ~ date "+%j"
172
ps
用于查看系统进程状态,格式:ps [参数]
参数 | 解释 |
---|---|
-a | 显示所有进程 |
-u | 显示用户详细信息 |
-x | 显示没有控制终端的进程 |
常用命令及输出结果如下:
➜ ~ ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
4049 ttys000 0:00.04 /Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2 --server login -f
4051 ttys000 0:01.34 -zsh
4077 ttys001 0:00.03 /Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2 --server login -f
4080 ttys001 0:00.36 -zsh
➜ ~ ps -a
PID TTY TIME CMD
4049 ttys000 0:00.04 /Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2 --server login -f
4051 ttys000 0:01.34 -zsh
15097 ttys000 0:00.00 ps -a
4077 ttys001 0:00.03 /Applications/iTerm.app/Contents/MacOS/iTerm2 --server login -f
4080 ttys001 0:00.36 -zsh
kill 和 killall
kill 用于终止PID进程,格式:kill [参数] [进程PID],killall 用于终止指定名称的全部进程,格式:killall [参数] [进程名称]
➜ ~ kill 2100
➜ ~ killall httpd
history
用于显示历史执行过的命令,根据命令前的序号可直接调用命令:
➜ ~ history
1 ls
2 ll
...
641 ps -x
642 who
643 last
➜ ~ !642
➜ ~ who
工作目录切换
pwd,cd,ls,ll
pwd用于查看当前路径,cd用于进入/退出路径,ls和ll用于查看当前路径下的文件,其基本命令如下:
➜ ~ pwd
/Users/roguesir
➜ ~ ls
Desktop Downloads Personal Documents Github virtual-env
➜ ~ cd Github
➜ Github ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 6 roguesir staff 204B 4 1 14:03 Book-Paper-Sharing
drwxr-xr-x 10 roguesir staff 340B 4 1 17:25 DL-ML-project
drwxr-xr-x 9 roguesir staff 306B 4 13 17:18 Machine-Learning-Repo
drwxr-xr-x 8 roguesir staff 272B 5 21 18:43 Python-R-code
drwxr-xr-x 4 roguesir staff 136B 5 21 18:45 Recommendation-Algorithm
drwxr-xr-x 24 roguesir staff 816B 3 28 09:40 roguesir.github.io
➜ Github ls -a
. .DS_Store DL-ML-project Python-R-code roguesir.github.io
.. Book-Paper-Sharing Machine-Learning-Repo Recommendation-Algorithm
➜ Github ll -a
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 9 roguesir staff 306B 3 30 16:21 .
drwxr-xr-x 45 roguesir staff 1.5K 6 25 23:07 ..
-rw-r--r--@ 1 roguesir staff 6.0K 3 30 15:56 .DS_Store
drwxr-xr-x 6 roguesir staff 204B 4 1 14:03 Book-Paper-Sharing
drwxr-xr-x 10 roguesir staff 340B 4 1 17:25 DL-ML-project
drwxr-xr-x 9 roguesir staff 306B 4 13 17:18 Machine-Learning-Repo
drwxr-xr-x 8 roguesir staff 272B 5 21 18:43 Python-R-code
drwxr-xr-x 4 roguesir staff 136B 5 21 18:45 Recommendation-Algorithm
drwxr-xr-x 24 roguesir staff 816B 3 28 09:40 roguesir.github.io
➜ Github cd ..
➜ ~ cd -
~/Github
➜ Github
文本编辑
cat与more
cat和more用于查看文档内容,适用于较短文档;more适用于较长文档,格式cat [文档名] 、more[文档名]
head 和 tail
head和tail用于查看文件的前几行和末几行,格式为:head [参数] [文档名]、tail [参数] [文档名],默认显示六条,自定义用-n参数,如下:
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) head train.py
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
import numpy
import tensorflow as tf
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) tail train.py
if count % 10 == 0:
# Calculate batch loss and accuracy
loss, acc = sess.run([cost, accuracy], feed_dict={x: batch_xs,
y: batch_ys,
keep_prob: 1.})
print("count = " + str(count) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + str(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + str(acc) )
print("Optimization Finished!")
saver.save(sess,"./model/model.ckpt")
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) head -n 3 train.py
from __future__ import print_function
import os
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) head -3 train.py
from __future__ import print_function
import os
wc
wc用于查看文本信息,常用参数为-l,用于查看文本行数,如下:
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) wc -l train.py
146 train.py
➜ Face-Scoring git:(master) wc train.py
146 483 4778 train.py
diff
diff用于比较两个文件的差异,常用:diff [文件1] [文件2]
文件目录管理
mkdir用于创建目录;touch用于新建文件;cp用于复制文件;mv用于移动或改名;rm用于删除文件,上述操作中,递归可食用参数-R,命令如下:
➜ ~ mkdir roguesir
➜ ~ cd roguesir
➜ roguesir touch roguesir
➜ roguesir ls
roguesir
➜ roguesir cp roguesir rogue
➜ roguesir ls
rogue roguesir
➜ roguesir mv rogue rogue-sir
➜ roguesir ls
rogue-sir roguesir
➜ roguesir rm rogue-sir
➜ roguesir ls
roguesir