使用HttpClient发送http请求

使用HttpClient发送http请求

一、引入httpclient.jar和fastjson.jar依赖jar

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.12</version>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.73</version>
</dependency>

如果依赖下载失败，需要降低版本

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba/fastjson -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.62</version>
</dependency>

二、发送请求

1、创建httpclient

CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

2、创建http请求

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
HttpHead httpHead = new HttpHead(url);
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
HttpPatch httpPatch = new HttpPatch(url);
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
HttpOptions httpOptions = new HttpOptions(url);

3、添加参数

1）GET 请求传参

//直接把参数拼接到url后面即可
String url = "http://127.0.0.1/api/user/login?mobile_phone=17722532471&pwd=123456789";

-------------------------------------------------------

//使用`URIBuilder`构建`URL`
Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("mobile_phone", "17722532471");
param.put("pwd", "123456789");

//创建uri
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
if (param != null) {
    for (String key : param.keySet()) {
        builder.addParameter(key, param.get(key));
    }
}
URI uri = builder.build();

//创建http Get请求，把URIBuilder对象传入
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

2）POST 请求传参

//传入的是map集合
Map<String, Object> param = new HashMap<>();
param.put("mobile_phone", "17722523223");
param.put("pwd", "123456789");

//把map集合转换成json格式传参
String jsonString = JSON.toJSONString(param);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonString));

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//传入的是json字符串
String jsonParam = "{\"mobile_phone\":\"17722532470\",\"pwd\":\"123456789\"}";
//通过toJSON把参数转成json字符串
String jsonString = (String) JSON.toJSON(jsonParam);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(jsonString));

4、添加请求头

Map<String, String> header = new HashMap<>();
header.put("k", "v");
header.put("k", "v");

for (String key : header.keySet()) {
    httpPost.setHeader(new BasicHeader(key, header.get(key)));
}

5、执行请求

CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);

6、获取响应头

int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

7、获取响应实体

if (200 == statusCode) {
    //字符串编码
    String s = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
    System.out.println(s);
}

8、关闭流

response.close();
client.close();