RSA算法

生成密钥对

ssh-keygen -t rsa

RSA加密通常不直接用于大量数据的加密，因为加密和解密操作相对较慢，且加密的数据大小受限于密钥的长度（如果密钥长度为2048位，则加密的数据块大小通常为245字节或更小）。对于大量数据的加密，通常使用混合加密方案，如RSA用于加密会话密钥，而AES等对称加密算法用于加密实际数据。

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;


public class RSATest {
    
    // RSA算法
    private static final String ALGORITHM = "RSA";
    
    /**
     * 生成密钥对
     */
    public static void generateKeyPair() {
        try {
            // 初始化密钥对生成器
            KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
            keyPairGenerator.initialize(2048);
            
            // 生成密钥对
            KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();
            PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
            PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
            
            // 公钥和私钥的Base64编码字符串
            String publicKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(publicKey.getEncoded());
            String privateKeyString = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(privateKey.getEncoded());
            System.out.println("Public Key: " + publicKeyString);
            System.out.println("Private Key: " + privateKeyString);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 加载公钥
     *
     * @param publicKeyStr 公钥字符串
     * @return 公钥
     */
    public static PublicKey loadPublicKey(String publicKeyStr) {
        try {
            byte[] publicKeyBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(publicKeyStr);
            X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyBytes);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            return keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 加载私钥
     *
     * @param privateKeyStr 私钥字符串
     * @return 私钥
     */
    public static PrivateKey loadPrivateKey(String privateKeyStr) {
        try {
            byte[] buffer = Base64.getDecoder().decode(privateKeyStr);
            PKCS8EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(buffer);
            KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
            return keyFactory.generatePrivate(keySpec);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 加密
     *
     * @param publicKeyStr 公钥字符串
     * @param data         明文数据
     * @return 密文数据
     */
    public static String encrypt(String publicKeyStr, String data) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, loadPublicKey(publicKeyStr));
            byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 解密
     *
     * @param privateKeyStr 私钥字符串
     * @param data          加密数据
     * @return 明文数据
     */
    public static String decrypt(String privateKeyStr, String data) {
        try {
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, loadPrivateKey(privateKeyStr));
            byte[] decrypted = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
            return new String(decrypted);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String data = "你好，世界";
        String publicKeyStr = "";
        String encryptData = encrypt(publicKeyStr, data);
        System.out.println("加密后的数据：" + encryptData);
    
        String privateKeyStr ="";
        String decryptData = decrypt(privateKeyStr, encryptData);
        System.out.println("解密后的数据：" + decryptData);
    }
    
}