Java通过Executors提供四种线程池,分别为:
newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程
newFixedThreadPool创建一个定长线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在
队列中等待。newScheduledThreadPool创建一个定长线程池,支持定时和周期性任务执行
。newSingleThreadExecutor创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO,LIFO,优先级)执行。
(1)newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程示例代码如下:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
- final int index = i;
- 尝试 {
- Thread.sleep(index * 1000 );
- } catch (InterruptedException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- 的System.out.println(索引);
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
包装测试;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String [] args){
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i = 0; i <10; i ++){
final int index = i;
尝试{
Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
} catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable(){
public void run(){
的System.out.println(索引);
}
});
}
}
}
线程池为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
(2)newFixedThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,可。控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待示例代码如下:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3 );
- for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
- final int index = i;
- fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- 尝试 {
- 的System.out.println(索引);
- Thread.sleep(2000 );
- } catch (InterruptedException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
包装测试;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String [] args){
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for(int i = 0; i <10; i ++){
final int index = i;
fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}
因为线程池大小为3,每个任务输出索引后睡眠2秒,所以每两秒打打3个数字。
定长线程池的大小最好根据系统资源进行设置如Runtime.getRuntime()。availableProcessors()
(3)newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个定长线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。延迟执行示例代码如下:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5 );
- scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- System.out.println(“delay 3 seconds” );
- }
- }, 3 ,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
}
}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
表示延迟3秒执行。
定期执行示例代码如下:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5 );
- scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- System.out.println(“延迟1秒,每3秒排除一次” );
- }
- }, 1 , 3 ,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
- }
- }
package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
}
}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
表示延迟1秒后每3秒执行一次。
(4)newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO,LIFO,优先级)执行。示例代码如下:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
- for (int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i ++){
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- 尝试 {
- 的System.out.println(索引);
- Thread.sleep(2000 );
- } catch (InterruptedException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
- }
package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}
结果依次输出,相当于顺序执行各个任务。
你可以使用JDK自带的监控工具来监控我们创建的线程数量,运行一个不终止的线程,创建指定量的线程,来观察:
工具目录:C:\ Program Files \ Java \ jdk1.6.0_06 \ bin \ jconsole.exe
运行程序做稍微修改:
- 包装 测试;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- 公共类 ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
- public static void main(String [] args){
- ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- for (int i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++){
- final int index = i;
- singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable(){
- public void run(){
- 尝试 {
- while (true ){
- 的System.out.println(索引);
- Thread.sleep(10 * 1000 );
- }
- } catch (InterruptedException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- 尝试 {
- Thread.sleep(500 );
- } catch (InterruptedException e){
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- }
package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
效果如下:
选择我们运行的程序:
监控运行状态
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