LintCode 582: Word Break II

582. Word Break II

Given a string s and a dictionary of words dict, add spaces in s to construct a sentence where each word is a valid dictionary word.

Return all such possible sentences.

Example
Example 1:

Input：“lintcode”，[“de”,“ding”,“co”,“code”,“lint”]
Output：[“lint code”, “lint co de”]
Explanation：
insert a space is “lint code”，insert two spaces is “lint co de”.
Example 2:

Input：“a”，[]
Output：[]
Explanation：dict is null.

解法1：DFS+Memorization
把s按pos=1,2,…,len-1切成2半，如果前半部subStr1在dict里面， 那么后半部subStr2就可以按子问题处理。
注意要Memorization，不然过不了下面的input case:
“aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaabaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa”
[“a”,“aa”,“aaa”,“aaaa”,“aaaaa”,“aaaaaa”,“aaaaaaa”,“aaaaaaaa”,“aaaaaaaaa”,“aaaaaaaaaa”]

代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
    /*
     * @param s: A string
     * @param wordDict: A set of words.
     * @return: All possible sentences.
     */
    vector<string> wordBreak(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict) {
        map<string, vector<string>> memo;
        return helper(s, wordDict, memo);
    }

private:
    vector<string> helper(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict, map<string, vector<string>> &memo) {
        int len = s.size();
        if (len == 0) return {};
        if (memo.find(s) != memo.end()) return memo[s];
        
        vector<string> result;
        for (int i = 1; i <= len; ++i) {
            string subStr1 = s.substr(0, i);
            if (wordDict.find(subStr1) != wordDict.end()) {
                if (subStr1.size() == len) {
                    result.push_back(subStr1);   
                } else {
                    string subStr2 = s.substr(i);
                    vector<string> tmpRes;
                    tmpRes = helper(subStr2, wordDict, memo);
                    //tmpRes = helper(subStr2, wordDict);
                    for (auto t : tmpRes) {
                        result.push_back(subStr1 + " " + t);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        memo[s] = result;
        return result;
    }
};

代码同步在
https://github.com/luqian2017/Algorithm

二刷：还是调了很久才调通，

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param s: A string
     * @param wordDict: A set of words.
     * @return: All possible sentences.
     *          we will sort your return value in output
     */
    vector<string> wordBreak(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict) {
        
        for (auto w : wordDict) {
            minLen = min(minLen, (int)w.size());
            maxLen = max(maxLen, (int)w.size());
        }
        if (maxLen == 0) return {};
        string sol = "";
        vector<string> sols;
        unordered_map<int, vector<string>> um_str;
        unordered_map<int, int> um_res; //0: uninitialized, 1: true, -1: false;
        um_str[0] = {};
        helper(s, wordDict, um_str, um_res, s.size(), sol);
        return um_str[s.size()];
    }
private:
    int minLen = INT_MAX, maxLen = INT_MIN;
    void helper(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict, unordered_map<int, vector<string>> &um_str, unordered_map<int, int> &um_res, int pos, string sol) {
        int upperLimit = min(maxLen, pos);
        //   0---------------pos------len
        //           <---i----
        //   is [pos - i, i] an exisiting string in wordDict?
        for (int i = minLen; i <= upperLimit; i++) {
            if (um_res[pos - i] < 0) continue;
            string str = s.substr(pos - i, i);
            if (wordDict.find(str) == wordDict.end()) continue;
            if (um_res[pos - i] == 0) helper(s, wordDict, um_str, um_res, pos - i, sol);
            if (pos == i || um_res[pos - i] > 0) {
                if (um_str[pos - i].size() > 0) {
                    for (auto s : um_str[pos - i]) {
                        um_str[pos].push_back(s + " " + str);
                    }
                } else {
                    um_str[pos].push_back(str);
                }
                um_res[pos] = 1;
                //return true;  //注意这里不能返回，不然得到一个解就结束了。
            } else if (um_res[pos] == 0) { //注意这里要检查um_res[pos]是否有过可行解，不然这次如果没有解，会把以前的可行解删掉。
                um_res[pos] = -1;
                um_str[pos] = {};
            }
        }
        return;
    }

};

解法3：跟解法2差不多，不过解法2的pos是从尾扫到头，这里pos是从头扫到尾。

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param s: A string
     * @param wordDict: A set of words.
     * @return: All possible sentences.
     *          we will sort your return value in output
     */
    vector<string> wordBreak(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict) {
        
        for (auto w : wordDict) {
            minLen = min(minLen, (int)w.size());
            maxLen = max(maxLen, (int)w.size());
        }
        if (maxLen == 0) return {};
        string sol = "";
        vector<string> sols;
        unordered_map<int, vector<string>> um_str;
        unordered_map<int, bool> um_res; //<pos, bool>
        int len = s.size();
        um_str[len] = {};
        helper(s, wordDict, um_str, um_res, 0, sol);
        return um_str[0];
    }
private:
    int minLen = INT_MAX, maxLen = INT_MIN;
    void helper(string &s, unordered_set<string> &wordDict, unordered_map<int, vector<string>> &um_str, unordered_map<int, bool> &um_res, int pos, string sol) {
        //int upperLimit = min(maxLen, pos);
        //   0----->--pos------------len
        //              ---i---->
        //   is [pos, pos + i] an exisiting string in wordDict?
        int len = s.size();
        for (int i = minLen; i <= maxLen && pos + i <= len; i++) {
            if (um_res.find(pos + i) != um_res.end() && um_res[pos + i] == false) continue;
            string str = s.substr(pos, i);
            if (wordDict.find(str) == wordDict.end()) continue;
            if (um_res.find(pos + i) == um_res.end()) helper(s, wordDict, um_str, um_res, pos + i, sol);
            if (pos + i == len || um_res[pos + i]) {
                if (um_str[pos + i].size() > 0) {
                    for (auto s : um_str[pos + i]) {
                        um_str[pos].push_back(str + " " + s);
                    }
                } else {//if (pos + i == len) {
                    um_str[pos].push_back(str);
                }
                um_res[pos] = true;
            } else if (um_res.find(pos) == um_res.end()) {
                um_res[pos] = false;
                um_str[pos] = {};
            }
        }
        return;
    }

};