- Sort Characters By Frequency
Medium
Given a string s, sort it in decreasing order based on the frequency of the characters. The frequency of a character is the number of times it appears in the string.
Return the sorted string. If there are multiple answers, return any of them.
Example 1:
Input: s = “tree”
Output: “eert”
Explanation: ‘e’ appears twice while ‘r’ and ‘t’ both appear once.
So ‘e’ must appear before both ‘r’ and ‘t’. Therefore “eetr” is also a valid answer.
Example 2:
Input: s = “cccaaa”
Output: “aaaccc”
Explanation: Both ‘c’ and ‘a’ appear three times, so both “cccaaa” and “aaaccc” are valid answers.
Note that “cacaca” is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
Example 3:
Input: s = “Aabb”
Output: “bbAa”
Explanation: “bbaA” is also a valid answer, but “Aabb” is incorrect.
Note that ‘A’ and ‘a’ are treated as two different characters.
Constraints:
1 <= s.length <= 5 * 105
s consists of uppercase and lowercase English letters and digits.
解法1:
class Solution {
public:
string frequencySort(string s) {
priority_queue<pair<int, char>> maxHeap;
unordered_map<char, int> mp;
for (auto c : s) mp[c]++;
for (auto m : mp) {
maxHeap.push({m.second, m.first});
}
string res = "";
while (!maxHeap.empty()) {
auto top = maxHeap.top();
maxHeap.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < top.first; i++) res += top.second; //注意不要写成res = res + top.second; 不然内存不够
}
return res;
}
};
解法2:
struct Node {
char ch;
int freq;
Node(char c, int f) : ch(c), freq(f) {}
bool operator < (const Node & n) const {
return freq < n.freq;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
string frequencySort(string s) {
int n = s.size();
priority_queue<Node> maxHeap;
unordered_map<char, int> char2Freq;
for (auto c : s) {
char2Freq[c]++;
}
for (auto cf : char2Freq) {
maxHeap.push(Node(cf.first, cf.second));
}
string res = "";
while (!maxHeap.empty()) {
Node top = maxHeap.top();
maxHeap.pop();
for (int i = 0; i < top.freq; i++) res += top.ch; //注意不要写成res = res + top.second; 不然内存不够
}
return res;
}
};