425 · Letter Combinations of a Phone Number
Algorithms
Medium
Description
Given a digit string excluded 0 and 1, return all possible letter combinations that the number could represent.
A mapping of digit to letters (just like on the telephone buttons) is given below.
1 2
ABC 3
DEF
4
GHI 5
JKL 6
MNO
7
PQRS 8
TUV 9
WXYZ
Although the answer above is in lexicographical order, your answer could be in any order you want.
Example
Example 1:
Input: “23”
Output: [“ad”, “ae”, “af”, “bd”, “be”, “bf”, “cd”, “ce”, “cf”]
Explanation:
‘2’ could be ‘a’, ‘b’ or ‘c’
‘3’ could be ‘d’, ‘e’ or ‘f’
Example 2:
Input: “5”
Output: [“j”, “k”, “l”]
Tags
Company
Amazon
Facebook
Dropbox
Uber
Google
经典DFS题。注意不要搞糊涂了用两层for循环。
注意这题也可以用BFS,下次补充。
要注意的是follow up。如果问在输入"23"的时候能否实时输出可能的单词,则要用Trie(Prefix tree)或Hashmap来预处理。用Hashmap的话,把所有的字母的前缀对应的单词放到Hashmap里面。但Hashmap的方法费空间,prefix的方法更好。
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param digits: A digital string
* @return: all posible letter combinations
*/
vector<string> letterCombinations(string &digits) {
map<int, string> hashmap = {{1,""}, {2,"abc"}, {3, "def"},
{4, "ghi"}, {5, "jkl"}, {6, "mno"},
{7, "pqrs"}, {8, "tuv"}, {9, "wxyz"}};
vector<string> results;
if (digits.empty()) return results;
string sol;
helper(digits, hashmap, 0, sol, results);
return results;
}
void helper(string &digits, map<int, string> &hashmap, int index, string &sol, vector<string> &results) {
if (index == digits.size()) {
results.push_back(sol);
return;
}
int digit = digits[index] - '0';
for (int i = 0; i < hashmap[digit].size(); ++i) {
sol.push_back(hashmap[digit][i]);
helper(digits, hashmap, index + 1, sol, results);
sol.pop_back();
}
}
};
二刷:
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param digits: A digital string
* @return: all posible letter combinations
*/
vector<string> letterCombinations(string &digits) {
if (digits.size() == 0) return {};
string sol = "";
vector<string> sols;
helper(digits, 0, sol, sols);
return sols;
}
private:
map<char, vector<char>> dict = {{'2', {'a', 'b', 'c'}}, {'3', {'d', 'e', 'f'}},
{'4', {'g', 'h', 'i'}}, {'5', {'j', 'k', 'l'}},
{'6', {'m', 'n', 'o'}}, {'7', {'p', 'q', 'r', 's'}},
{'8', {'t', 'u', 'v'}}, {'9', {'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'}}};
void helper(string &digits, int pos, string sol, vector<string> &sols) {
if (pos == digits.size()) {
sols.push_back(sol);
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < dict[digits[pos]].size(); i++) {
helper(digits, pos + 1, sol + dict[digits[pos]][i], sols);
}
return;
}
};