LintCode 68: Binary Tree Postorder Traversal (二叉树后序遍历,经典题!!!)

  1. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
    Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes’ values.

Example
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},

1

2
/
3

return [3,2,1].

Challenge
Can you do it without recursion?

解法1: 简单的递归

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * class TreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left, *right;
 *     TreeNode(int val) {
 *         this->val = val;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param root: A Tree
     * @return: Postorder in ArrayList which contains node values.
     */
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode * root) {
        vector<int> result;
        postOrder(root, result);
        return result;
    }
    
private:
    void postOrder(TreeNode * node, vector<int> &vec) {
        if (!node) return;
        
        postOrder(node->left, vec);
        postOrder(node->right, vec);
        vec.push_back(node->val);
    }
};

解法2:迭代法。
参考了下面这个链接的做法:
https://blog.csdn.net/gatieme/article/details/51163010

当前节点要被输出, 必须满足3个条件之一:

  1. 其左右节点均为NULL
  2. 其左节点刚被输出,而其右节点为NULL
    注意下面的
    (pre && ((pre == cur->left) || (pre == cur->right)))) {
    这里的pre == cur->left 不需要加cur->right == NULL检查,因为到了cur时,左右节点都已经被输出了。
  3. 其右节点刚被输出

压栈时先让父节点入栈,再右节点入栈,再左节点入栈。

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param root: A Tree
     * @return: Postorder in ArrayList which contains node values.
     */
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode * root) {
        
        vector<int> result;
        if (!root) return result;
        
        stack<TreeNode *> s;
        TreeNode * cur;
        TreeNode * pre;
        
        s.push(root);
        while(!s.empty()) {
            cur = s.top();
            
            if ((!cur->left && !cur->right) ||
                (pre && ((pre == cur->left) || (pre == cur->right)))) {
                s.pop();
                result.push_back(cur->val);
                pre = cur;
            } else {
                if (cur->right)
                    s.push(cur->right);
                if (cur->left)
                    s.push(cur->left);
                
            }
        }
        return result;        
    }
};

解法3:参考了网上的模板。这个模板更好。

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * class TreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left, *right;
 *     TreeNode(int val) {
 *         this->val = val;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param root: A Tree
     * @return: Postorder in ArrayList which contains node values.
     */
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode * root) {
        vector<int> result;
        stack<TreeNode *> s;
        
        TreeNode * current = root, * lastVisited = NULL;
        
        while(current || !s.empty()) {
            while(current) {
                s.push(current);
                current = current->left;
            }
            
            current = s.top();
            
            if (!current->right || current->right == lastVisited) {
                s.pop();
                result.push_back(current->val);
                lastVisited = current;
                current = NULL;
            } else {
                current = current->right;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};

解法4:下面这个模板最好。
思路:遍历顺序为左、右、根

1) 如果root非空,将root加入到栈中。
2) 如果stack不空,取栈顶元素(暂时不弹出),
如果(左子树已访问过或者左子树为空),且(右子树已访问过或右子树为空),则弹出栈顶节点,将其值加入数组,
如果左子树不为空,且未访问过,则将左子节点加入栈中,并标左子树已访问过。
如果右子树不为空,且未访问过,则将右子节点加入栈中,并标右子树已访问过。
3) 重复2) 直到栈空。

注意:

  1. 怎么知道某个节点没有被访问过?
    current == lastVisited.left 或 current == lastVisited.right
    则说明current肯定没被访问过,因为这个节点的左节点或右节点刚被访问,这个节点作为根节点不可能被访问过。
  2. 怎么知道左子树已访问过?
    current->left == lastVisited。
    同理,current->right == lastVisited说明右子树刚被访问过。
    这里的current就相当于是某个子树的根节点。
  3. 当左子树刚被访问过,我们必须将current的右节点放入栈中,因为postorder traversal的顺序是左右中。
  4. 注意这里很多else,不能省略!!! 因为要达到while()一直加左节点或右节点的效果。

代码如下:

/**
 * Definition of TreeNode:
 * class TreeNode {
 * public:
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left, *right;
 *     TreeNode(int val) {
 *         this->val = val;
 *         this->left = this->right = NULL;
 *     }
 * }
 */

class Solution {
public:
    /**
     * @param root: A Tree
     * @return: Postorder in ArrayList which contains node values.
     */
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode * root) {
        vector<int> result;
        stack<TreeNode *> s;
        
        TreeNode * current = root, * lastVisited = NULL;
        
        if (!root) return vector<int>();
        
        s.push(root);
        
        while(!s.empty()) {
            current = s.top();
            if (!lastVisited || current == lastVisited->left || current == lastVisited->right) {
                if (current->left) {
                    s.push(current->left);
                } else if (current->right) { //note! the else is needed here!!!
                    s.push(current->right);
                }
            } else if (current->left == lastVisited) {
                if (current->right) {
                    s.push(current->right);
                }
            } else {
                result.push_back(current->val);
                s.pop();
            }   
            
            lastVisited = current;
        }
        
        return result;
    }
};

解法5:Morris方法。

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