剑指offer面试题4：替换空格

题目：请实现一个函数，把字符串中的每个空格替换成 ” %20 “。例如输入 “We are happy.”，则输出 “We%20are%20happy.”。
思路：当原字符串有足够空间，可以计算出替换后需要的总长度，从后往前碰见空格就替换，否则复制原字符。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

void replaceblank(char str[], int length) {
  int countb = 0;
  int olength = 0;
  while (str[olength] != '\0') {
    if (str[olength] == ' ')
      ++countb;
    ++olength;
  }
  int rlength = olength + 2 * countb;
  while (rlength > olength) {
    if (str[olength] == ' ') {
      str[rlength--] = '0';
      str[rlength--] = '2';
      str[rlength--] = '%';
      --olength;
    } else
      str[rlength--] = str[olength--];
  }
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
  // char str[20] = "Wearehappy.";
  char str[20] = " ";
  cout << sizeof(str) << endl;
  replaceblank(str, 20);
  cout << str << endl;
  return 0;
}