概要
JUC中的共享锁有CountDownLatch、CyclicBarrier、Semaphore、ReentrantReadWriteLock等，本章会以ReentrantReadWriteLock为蓝本对共享锁进行说明。
ReadWriteLock 和 ReentrantReadWriteLock介绍
ReadWriteLock，顾名思义，是读写锁。它维护了一对相关的锁——“读取锁”和“写入锁”，一个用于读取操作，另一个用于写入操作。ReadWriteLock是一个接口。ReentrantReadWriteLock是它的实现类，ReentrantReadWriteLock包括子类ReadLock和WriteLock。
“读取锁”用于只读操作，它是“共享锁”，能同时被多个线程获取。“写入锁”用于写入操作，它是“独占锁”，写入锁只能被一个线程获取。
注意：不能同时存在读取锁和写入锁
ReadWriteLock 和 ReentrantReadWriteLock方法列表
1、ReadWriteLock
// 返回用于读取操作的锁
Lock readLock()
// 返回用于写入操作的锁
Lock writeLock()
2、ReentrantReadWriteLock
// 创建一个新的 ReentrantReadWriteLock，默认是采用“非公平策略”
ReentrantReadWriteLock()
// 创建一个新的 ReentrantReadWriteLock，fair是“公平策略”。fair为true，意味着公平策略；否则，意味着非公平策略
ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair)
// 返回当前拥有写入锁的线程，如果没有这样的线程，则返回 null
protected Thread getOwner()
// 返回一个 collection，它包含可能正在等待获取读取锁的线程
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedReaderThreads()
// 返回一个 collection，它包含可能正在等待获取读取或写入锁的线程
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads()
// 返回一个 collection，它包含可能正在等待获取写入锁的线程
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedWriterThreads()
// 返回等待获取读取或写入锁的线程估计数目
int getQueueLength()
// 查询当前线程在此锁上保持的重入读取锁数量
int getReadHoldCount()
// 查询为此锁保持的读取锁数量
int getReadLockCount()
// 返回一个 collection，它包含可能正在等待与写入锁相关的给定条件的那些线程
protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition)
// 返回正等待与写入锁相关的给定条件的线程估计数目
int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition)
// 查询当前线程在此锁上保持的重入写入锁数量
int getWriteHoldCount()
// 查询是否给定线程正在等待获取读取或写入锁
boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread)
// 查询是否所有的线程正在等待获取读取或写入锁
boolean hasQueuedThreads()
// 查询是否有些线程正在等待与写入锁有关的给定条件
boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition)
// 如果此锁将公平性设置为 ture，则返回 true
boolean isFair()
// 查询是否某个线程保持了写入锁
boolean isWriteLocked()
// 查询当前线程是否保持了写入锁
boolean isWriteLockedByCurrentThread()
// 返回用于读取操作的锁
ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock()
// 返回用于写入操作的锁
ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock()
ReentrantReadWriteLock数据结构
ReentrantReadWriteLock的UML类图：
从中可以看出：
①ReentrantReadWriteLock实现了ReadWriteLock接口。ReadWriteLock是一个读写锁的接口，提供了"获取读锁的readLock()函数" 和 “获取写锁的writeLock()函数”
②ReentrantReadWriteLock中包含：sync对象、读锁readerLock和写锁writerLock。读锁ReadLock和写锁WriteLock都实现了Lock接口，读锁ReadLock和写锁WriteLock中也都分别包含了"Sync对象"，它们的Sync对象和ReentrantReadWriteLock的Sync对象是同一个对象，都是ReentrantReadWriteLock的sync，就是通过sync，读锁和写锁实现了对同一个对象的访问，这也是为什么说不能同时存在读取锁和写入锁：
protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
③和"ReentrantLock"一样，sync是Sync类型；而且，Sync也是一个继承于AQS的抽象类；Sync也包括"公平锁"FairSync和"非公平锁"NonfairSync；sync对象是"FairSync"和"NonfairSync"中的一个，默认是"NonfairSync"
参考代码
ReentrantReadWriteLock的完整源码：
public class ReentrantReadWriteLock implements ReadWriteLock,java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6992448646407690164L;
/** Inner class providing readlock */
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
/** Inner class providing writelock */
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
/** Performs all synchronization mechanics */
final Sync sync;
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* default (nonfair) ordering properties.
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
this(false);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@code ReentrantReadWriteLock} with
* the given fairness policy.
*
* @param fair {@code true} if this lock should use a fair ordering policy
*/
public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
}
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock() { return writerLock; }
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock() { return readerLock; }
/**
* Synchronization implementation for ReentrantReadWriteLock.
* Subclassed into fair and nonfair versions.
*/
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;
/*
* Read vs write count extraction constants and functions.
* Lock state is logically divided into two unsigned shorts:
* The lower one representing the exclusive (writer) lock hold count,
* and the upper the shared (reader) hold count.
*/
static final int SHARED_SHIFT = 16;
static final int SHARED_UNIT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
static final int MAX_COUNT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
/** Returns the number of shared holds represented in count */
static int sharedCount(int c) { return c >>> SHARED_SHIFT; }
/** Returns the number of exclusive holds represented in count */
static int exclusiveCount(int c) { return c & EXCLUSIVE_MASK; }
/**
* A counter for per-thread read hold counts.
* Maintained as a ThreadLocal; cached in cachedHoldCounter
*/
static final class HoldCounter {
int count = 0;
// Use id, not reference, to avoid garbage retention
final long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
}
/**
* ThreadLocal subclass. Easiest to explicitly define for sake
* of deserialization mechanics.
*/
static final class ThreadLocalHoldCounter
extends ThreadLocal<HoldCounter> {
public HoldCounter initialValue() {
return new HoldCounter();
}
}
/**
* The number of reentrant read locks held by current thread.
* Initialized only in constructor and readObject.
* Removed whenever a thread's read hold count drops to 0.
*/
private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;
/**
* The hold count of the last thread to successfully acquire
* readLock. This saves ThreadLocal lookup in the common case
* where the next thread to release is the last one to
* acquire. This is non-volatile since it is just used
* as a heuristic, and would be great for threads to cache.
*
* <p>Can outlive the Thread for which it is caching the read
* hold count, but avoids garbage retention by not retaining a
* reference to the Thread.
*
* <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
* model's final field and out-of-thin-air guarantees.
*/
private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;
/**
* firstReader is the first thread to have acquired the read lock.
* firstReaderHoldCount is firstReader's hold count.
*
* <p>More precisely, firstReader is the unique thread that last
* changed the shared count from 0 to 1, and has not released the
* read lock since then; null if there is no such thread.
*
* <p>Cannot cause garbage retention unless the thread terminated
* without relinquishing its read locks, since tryReleaseShared
* sets it to null.
*
* <p>Accessed via a benign data race; relies on the memory
* model's out-of-thin-air guarantees for references.
*
* <p>This allows tracking of read holds for uncontended read
* locks to be very cheap.
*/
private transient Thread firstReader = null;
private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;
Sync() {
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(getState()); // ensures visibility of readHolds
}
/*
* Acquires and releases use the same code for fair and
* nonfair locks, but differ in whether/how they allow barging
* when queues are non-empty.
*/
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the read lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
abstract boolean readerShouldBlock();
/**
* Returns true if the current thread, when trying to acquire
* the write lock, and otherwise eligible to do so, should block
* because of policy for overtaking other waiting threads.
*/
abstract boolean writerShouldBlock();
/*
* Note that tryRelease and tryAcquire can be called by
* Conditions. So it is possible that their arguments contain
* both read and write holds that are all released during a
* condition wait and re-established in tryAcquire.
*/
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
if (!isHeldExclusively())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
int nextc = getState() - releases;
boolean free = exclusiveCount(nextc) == 0;
if (free)
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(nextc);
return free;
}
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
/*
* Walkthrough:
* 1. If read count nonzero or write count nonzero
* and owner is a different thread, fail.
* 2. If count would saturate, fail. (This can only
* happen if count is already nonzero.)
* 3. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for lock if
* it is either a reentrant acquire or
* queue policy allows it. If so, update state
* and set owner.
*/
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
int w = exclusiveCount(c);
if (c != 0) {
// (Note: if c != 0 and w == 0 then shared count != 0)
if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
return false;
if (w + exclusiveCount(acquires) > MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
// Reentrant acquire
setState(c + acquires);
return true;
}
if (writerShouldBlock() ||
!compareAndSetState(c, c + acquires))
return false;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
firstReader = null;
else
firstReaderHoldCount--;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
int count = rh.count;
if (count <= 1) {
readHolds.remove();
if (count <= 0)
throw unmatchedUnlockException();
}
--rh.count;
}
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
// Releasing the read lock has no effect on readers,
// but it may allow waiting writers to proceed if
// both read and write locks are now free.
return nextc == 0;
}
}
private IllegalMonitorStateException unmatchedUnlockException() {
return new IllegalMonitorStateException(
"attempt to unlock read lock, not locked by current thread");
}
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
/*
* Walkthrough:
* 1. If write lock held by another thread, fail.
* 2. Otherwise, this thread is eligible for
* lock wrt state, so ask if it should block
* because of queue policy. If not, try
* to grant by CASing state and updating count.
* Note that step does not check for reentrant
* acquires, which is postponed to full version
* to avoid having to check hold count in
* the more typical non-reentrant case.
* 3. If step 2 fails either because thread
* apparently not eligible or CAS fails or count
* saturated, chain to version with full retry loop.
*/
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
int r = sharedCount(c);
if (!readerShouldBlock() &&
r < MAX_COUNT &&
compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (r == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return 1;
}
return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}
/**
* Full version of acquire for reads, that handles CAS misses
* and reentrant reads not dealt with in tryAcquireShared.
*/
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
/*
* This code is in part redundant with that in
* tryAcquireShared but is simpler overall by not
* complicating tryAcquireShared with interactions between
* retries and lazily reading hold counts.
*/
HoldCounter rh = null;
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
// else we hold the exclusive lock; blocking here
// would cause deadlock.
} else if (readerShouldBlock()) {
// Make sure we're not acquiring read lock reentrantly
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
} else {
if (rh == null) {
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId()) {
rh = readHolds.get();
if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.remove();
}
}
if (rh.count == 0)
return -1;
}
}
if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (sharedCount(c) == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
if (rh == null)
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
cachedHoldCounter = rh; // cache for release
}
return 1;
}
}
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for write, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquire except for lack
* of calls to writerShouldBlock.
*/
final boolean tryWriteLock() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
int c = getState();
if (c != 0) {
int w = exclusiveCount(c);
if (w == 0 || current != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
return false;
if (w == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
}
if (!compareAndSetState(c, c + 1))
return false;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
return true;
}
/**
* Performs tryLock for read, enabling barging in both modes.
* This is identical in effect to tryAcquireShared except for
* lack of calls to readerShouldBlock.
*/
final boolean tryReadLock() {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
for (;;) {
int c = getState();
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 &&
getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return false;
int r = sharedCount(c);
if (r == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
if (r == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
rh.count++;
}
return true;
}
}
}
protected final boolean isHeldExclusively() {
// While we must in general read state before owner,
// we don't need to do so to check if current thread is owner
return getExclusiveOwnerThread() == Thread.currentThread();
}
// Methods relayed to outer class
final ConditionObject newCondition() {
return new ConditionObject();
}
final Thread getOwner() {
// Must read state before owner to ensure memory consistency
return ((exclusiveCount(getState()) == 0) ?
null :
getExclusiveOwnerThread());
}
final int getReadLockCount() {
return sharedCount(getState());
}
final boolean isWriteLocked() {
return exclusiveCount(getState()) != 0;
}
final int getWriteHoldCount() {
return isHeldExclusively() ? exclusiveCount(getState()) : 0;
}
final int getReadHoldCount() {
if (getReadLockCount() == 0)
return 0;
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
if (firstReader == current)
return firstReaderHoldCount;
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh != null && rh.tid == current.getId())
return rh.count;
int count = readHolds.get().count;
if (count == 0) readHolds.remove();
return count;
}
/**
* Reconstitute this lock instance from a stream
* @param s the stream
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
s.defaultReadObject();
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(0); // reset to unlocked state
}
final int getCount() { return getState(); }
}
/**
* Nonfair version of Sync
*/
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8159625535654395037L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return false; // writers can always barge
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
/* As a heuristic to avoid indefinite writer starvation,
* block if the thread that momentarily appears to be head
* of queue, if one exists, is a waiting writer. This is
* only a probabilistic effect since a new reader will not
* block if there is a waiting writer behind other enabled
* readers that have not yet drained from the queue.
*/
return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
}
}
/**
* Fair version of Sync
*/
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2274990926593161451L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
}
/**
* The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#readLock}.
*/
public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
private final Sync sync;
/**
* Constructor for use by subclasses
*
* @param lock the outer lock object
* @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
*/
protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock.
*
* <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
* another thread and returns immediately.
*
* <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
* the current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
* purposes and lies dormant until the read lock has been acquired.
*/
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock unless the current thread is
* {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
*
* <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held
* by another thread and returns immediately.
*
* <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
* current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
* purposes and lies dormant until one of two things happens:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread.
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>If the current thread:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
*
* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
* acquiring the read lock,
*
* </ul>
*
* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
* thread's interrupted status is cleared.
*
* <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
* interruption point, preference is given to responding to
* the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
* lock.
*
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock only if the write lock is not held by
* another thread at the time of invocation.
*
* <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
* another thread and returns immediately with the value
* {@code true}. Even when this lock has been set to use a
* fair ordering policy, a call to {@code tryLock()}
* <em>will</em> immediately acquire the read lock if it is
* available, whether or not other threads are currently
* waiting for the read lock. This "barging" behavior
* can be useful in certain circumstances, even though it
* breaks fairness. If you want to honor the fairness setting
* for this lock, then use {@link #tryLock(long, TimeUnit)
* tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) } which is almost equivalent
* (it also detects interruption).
*
* <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then
* this method will return immediately with the value
* {@code false}.
*
* @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
*/
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryReadLock();
}
/**
* Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
* another thread within the given waiting time and the
* current thread has not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt
* interrupted}.
*
* <p>Acquires the read lock if the write lock is not held by
* another thread and returns immediately with the value
* {@code true}. If this lock has been set to use a fair
* ordering policy then an available lock <em>will not</em> be
* acquired if any other threads are waiting for the
* lock. This is in contrast to the {@link #tryLock()}
* method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock} that does
* permit barging on a fair lock then combine the timed and
* un-timed forms together:
*
* <pre>if (lock.tryLock() || lock.tryLock(timeout, unit) ) { ... }
* </pre>
*
* <p>If the write lock is held by another thread then the
* current thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling
* purposes and lies dormant until one of three things happens:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>The read lock is acquired by the current thread; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread; or
*
* <li>The specified waiting time elapses.
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>If the read lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
* returned.
*
* <p>If the current thread:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method; or
*
* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
* acquiring the read lock,
*
* </ul> then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the
* current thread's interrupted status is cleared.
*
* <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
* {@code false} is returned. If the time is less than or
* equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
*
* <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
* interruption point, preference is given to responding to
* the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
* lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
*
* @param timeout the time to wait for the read lock
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
* @return {@code true} if the read lock was acquired
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
* @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
*
*/
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
/**
* Attempts to release this lock.
*
* <p> If the number of readers is now zero then the lock
* is made available for write lock attempts.
*/
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
/**
* Throws {@code UnsupportedOperationException} because
* {@code ReadLocks} do not support conditions.
*
* @throws UnsupportedOperationException always
*/
public Condition newCondition() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
/**
* Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
* The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Read locks ="}
* followed by the number of held read locks.
*
* @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
*/
public String toString() {
int r = sync.getReadLockCount();
return super.toString() +
"[Read locks = " + r + "]";
}
}
/**
* The lock returned by method {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#writeLock}.
*/
public static class WriteLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4992448646407690164L;
private final Sync sync;
/**
* Constructor for use by subclasses
*
* @param lock the outer lock object
* @throws NullPointerException if the lock is null
*/
protected WriteLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
/**
* Acquires the write lock.
*
* <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
* are held by another thread
* and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
* one.
*
* <p>If the current thread already holds the write lock then the
* hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
* immediately.
*
* <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
* thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
* lies dormant until the write lock has been acquired, at which
* time the write lock hold count is set to one.
*/
public void lock() {
sync.acquire(1);
}
/**
* Acquires the write lock unless the current thread is
* {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
*
* <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
* are held by another thread
* and returns immediately, setting the write lock hold count to
* one.
*
* <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
* hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
* immediately.
*
* <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
* thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
* lies dormant until one of two things happens:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread.
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>If the write lock is acquired by the current thread then the
* lock hold count is set to one.
*
* <p>If the current thread:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
* or
*
* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
* acquiring the write lock,
*
* </ul>
*
* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
* thread's interrupted status is cleared.
*
* <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
* interruption point, preference is given to responding to
* the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
* lock.
*
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
*/
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}
/**
* Acquires the write lock only if it is not held by another thread
* at the time of invocation.
*
* <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
* are held by another thread
* and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
* setting the write lock hold count to one. Even when this lock has
* been set to use a fair ordering policy, a call to
* {@code tryLock()} <em>will</em> immediately acquire the
* lock if it is available, whether or not other threads are
* currently waiting for the write lock. This "barging"
* behavior can be useful in certain circumstances, even
* though it breaks fairness. If you want to honor the
* fairness setting for this lock, then use {@link
* #tryLock(long, TimeUnit) tryLock(0, TimeUnit.SECONDS) }
* which is almost equivalent (it also detects interruption).
*
* <p> If the current thread already holds this lock then the
* hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
* {@code true}.
*
* <p>If the lock is held by another thread then this method
* will return immediately with the value {@code false}.
*
* @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
* by the current thread, or the write lock was already held
* by the current thread; and {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean tryLock( ) {
return sync.tryWriteLock();
}
/**
* Acquires the write lock if it is not held by another thread
* within the given waiting time and the current thread has
* not been {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted}.
*
* <p>Acquires the write lock if neither the read nor write lock
* are held by another thread
* and returns immediately with the value {@code true},
* setting the write lock hold count to one. If this lock has been
* set to use a fair ordering policy then an available lock
* <em>will not</em> be acquired if any other threads are
* waiting for the write lock. This is in contrast to the {@link
* #tryLock()} method. If you want a timed {@code tryLock}
* that does permit barging on a fair lock then combine the
* timed and un-timed forms together:
*
* <pre>if (lock.tryLock() || lock.tryLock(timeout, unit) ) { ... }
* </pre>
*
* <p>If the current thread already holds this lock then the
* hold count is incremented by one and the method returns
* {@code true}.
*
* <p>If the lock is held by another thread then the current
* thread becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and
* lies dormant until one of three things happens:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>The write lock is acquired by the current thread; or
*
* <li>Some other thread {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupts}
* the current thread; or
*
* <li>The specified waiting time elapses
*
* </ul>
*
* <p>If the write lock is acquired then the value {@code true} is
* returned and the write lock hold count is set to one.
*
* <p>If the current thread:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>has its interrupted status set on entry to this method;
* or
*
* <li>is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
* acquiring the write lock,
*
* </ul>
*
* then {@link InterruptedException} is thrown and the current
* thread's interrupted status is cleared.
*
* <p>If the specified waiting time elapses then the value
* {@code false} is returned. If the time is less than or
* equal to zero, the method will not wait at all.
*
* <p>In this implementation, as this method is an explicit
* interruption point, preference is given to responding to
* the interrupt over normal or reentrant acquisition of the
* lock, and over reporting the elapse of the waiting time.
*
* @param timeout the time to wait for the write lock
* @param unit the time unit of the timeout argument
*
* @return {@code true} if the lock was free and was acquired
* by the current thread, or the write lock was already held by the
* current thread; and {@code false} if the waiting time
* elapsed before the lock could be acquired.
*
* @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
* @throws NullPointerException if the time unit is null
*
*/
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
/**
* Attempts to release this lock.
*
* <p>If the current thread is the holder of this lock then
* the hold count is decremented. If the hold count is now
* zero then the lock is released. If the current thread is
* not the holder of this lock then {@link
* IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown.
*
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if the current thread does not
* hold this lock.
*/
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
/**
* Returns a {@link Condition} instance for use with this
* {@link Lock} instance.
* <p>The returned {@link Condition} instance supports the same
* usages as do the {@link Object} monitor methods ({@link
* Object#wait() wait}, {@link Object#notify notify}, and {@link
* Object#notifyAll notifyAll}) when used with the built-in
* monitor lock.
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>If this write lock is not held when any {@link
* Condition} method is called then an {@link
* IllegalMonitorStateException} is thrown. (Read locks are
* held independently of write locks, so are not checked or
* affected. However it is essentially always an error to
* invoke a condition waiting method when the current thread
* has also acquired read locks, since other threads that
* could unblock it will not be able to acquire the write
* lock.)
*
* <li>When the condition {@linkplain Condition#await() waiting}
* methods are called the write lock is released and, before
* they return, the write lock is reacquired and the lock hold
* count restored to what it was when the method was called.
*
* <li>If a thread is {@linkplain Thread#interrupt interrupted} while
* waiting then the wait will terminate, an {@link
* InterruptedException} will be thrown, and the thread's
* interrupted status will be cleared.
*
* <li> Waiting threads are signalled in FIFO order.
*
* <li>The ordering of lock reacquisition for threads returning
* from waiting methods is the same as for threads initially
* acquiring the lock, which is in the default case not specified,
* but for <em>fair</em> locks favors those threads that have been
* waiting the longest.
*
* </ul>
*
* @return the Condition object
*/
public Condition newCondition() {
return sync.newCondition();
}
/**
* Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock
* state. The state, in brackets includes either the String
* {@code "Unlocked"} or the String {@code "Locked by"}
* followed by the {@linkplain Thread#getName name} of the owning thread.
*
* @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
*/
public String toString() {
Thread o = sync.getOwner();
return super.toString() + ((o == null) ?
"[Unlocked]" :
"[Locked by thread " + o.getName() + "]");
}
/**
* Queries if this write lock is held by the current thread.
* Identical in effect to {@link
* ReentrantReadWriteLock#isWriteLockedByCurrentThread}.
*
* @return {@code true} if the current thread holds this lock and
* {@code false} otherwise
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
return sync.isHeldExclusively();
}
/**
* Queries the number of holds on this write lock by the current
* thread. A thread has a hold on a lock for each lock action
* that is not matched by an unlock action. Identical in effect
* to {@link ReentrantReadWriteLock#getWriteHoldCount}.
*
* @return the number of holds on this lock by the current thread,
* or zero if this lock is not held by the current thread
* @since 1.6
*/
public int getHoldCount() {
return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
}
}
// Instrumentation and status
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true.
*
* @return {@code true} if this lock has fairness set true
*/
public final boolean isFair() {
return sync instanceof FairSync;
}
/**
* Returns the thread that currently owns the write lock, or
* {@code null} if not owned. When this method is called by a
* thread that is not the owner, the return value reflects a
* best-effort approximation of current lock status. For example,
* the owner may be momentarily {@code null} even if there are
* threads trying to acquire the lock but have not yet done so.
* This method is designed to facilitate construction of
* subclasses that provide more extensive lock monitoring
* facilities.
*
* @return the owner, or {@code null} if not owned
*/
protected Thread getOwner() {
return sync.getOwner();
}
/**
* Queries the number of read locks held for this lock. This
* method is designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
* synchronization control.
* @return the number of read locks held.
*/
public int getReadLockCount() {
return sync.getReadLockCount();
}
/**
* Queries if the write lock is held by any thread. This method is
* designed for use in monitoring system state, not for
* synchronization control.
*
* @return {@code true} if any thread holds the write lock and
* {@code false} otherwise
*/
public boolean isWriteLocked() {
return sync.isWriteLocked();
}
/**
* Queries if the write lock is held by the current thread.
*
* @return {@code true} if the current thread holds the write lock and
* {@code false} otherwise
*/
public boolean isWriteLockedByCurrentThread() {
return sync.isHeldExclusively();
}
/**
* Queries the number of reentrant write holds on this lock by the
* current thread. A writer thread has a hold on a lock for
* each lock action that is not matched by an unlock action.
*
* @return the number of holds on the write lock by the current thread,
* or zero if the write lock is not held by the current thread
*/
public int getWriteHoldCount() {
return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
}
/**
* Queries the number of reentrant read holds on this lock by the
* current thread. A reader thread has a hold on a lock for
* each lock action that is not matched by an unlock action.
*
* @return the number of holds on the read lock by the current thread,
* or zero if the read lock is not held by the current thread
* @since 1.6
*/
public int getReadHoldCount() {
return sync.getReadHoldCount();
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire the write lock. Because the actual set of threads may
* change dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
* collection is only a best-effort estimate. The elements of the
* returned collection are in no particular order. This method is
* designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
* more extensive lock monitoring facilities.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedWriterThreads() {
return sync.getExclusiveQueuedThreads();
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire the read lock. Because the actual set of threads may
* change dynamically while constructing this result, the returned
* collection is only a best-effort estimate. The elements of the
* returned collection are in no particular order. This method is
* designed to facilitate construction of subclasses that provide
* more extensive lock monitoring facilities.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedReaderThreads() {
return sync.getSharedQueuedThreads();
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads are waiting to acquire the read or
* write lock. Note that because cancellations may occur at any
* time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee that any other
* thread will ever acquire a lock. This method is designed
* primarily for use in monitoring of the system state.
*
* @return {@code true} if there may be other threads waiting to
* acquire the lock
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedThreads() {
return sync.hasQueuedThreads();
}
/**
* Queries whether the given thread is waiting to acquire either
* the read or write lock. Note that because cancellations may
* occur at any time, a {@code true} return does not guarantee
* that this thread will ever acquire a lock. This method is
* designed primarily for use in monitoring of the system state.
*
* @param thread the thread
* @return {@code true} if the given thread is queued waiting for this lock
* @throws NullPointerException if the thread is null
*/
public final boolean hasQueuedThread(Thread thread) {
return sync.isQueued(thread);
}
/**
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting to acquire
* either the read or write lock. The value is only an estimate
* because the number of threads may change dynamically while this
* method traverses internal data structures. This method is
* designed for use in monitoring of the system state, not for
* synchronization control.
*
* @return the estimated number of threads waiting for this lock
*/
public final int getQueueLength() {
return sync.getQueueLength();
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing threads that may be waiting to
* acquire either the read or write lock. Because the actual set
* of threads may change dynamically while constructing this
* result, the returned collection is only a best-effort estimate.
* The elements of the returned collection are in no particular
* order. This method is designed to facilitate construction of
* subclasses that provide more extensive monitoring facilities.
*
* @return the collection of threads
*/
protected Collection<Thread> getQueuedThreads() {
return sync.getQueuedThreads();
}
/**
* Queries whether any threads are waiting on the given condition
* associated with the write lock. Note that because timeouts and
* interrupts may occur at any time, a {@code true} return does
* not guarantee that a future {@code signal} will awaken any
* threads. This method is designed primarily for use in
* monitoring of the system state.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return {@code true} if there are any waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this lock
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public boolean hasWaiters(Condition condition) {
if (condition == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
return sync.hasWaiters((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}
/**
* Returns an estimate of the number of threads waiting on the
* given condition associated with the write lock. Note that because
* timeouts and interrupts may occur at any time, the estimate
* serves only as an upper bound on the actual number of waiters.
* This method is designed for use in monitoring of the system
* state, not for synchronization control.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return the estimated number of waiting threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this lock
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
public int getWaitQueueLength(Condition condition) {
if (condition == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
return sync.getWaitQueueLength((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}
/**
* Returns a collection containing those threads that may be
* waiting on the given condition associated with the write lock.
* Because the actual set of threads may change dynamically while
* constructing this result, the returned collection is only a
* best-effort estimate. The elements of the returned collection
* are in no particular order. This method is designed to
* facilitate construction of subclasses that provide more
* extensive condition monitoring facilities.
*
* @param condition the condition
* @return the collection of threads
* @throws IllegalMonitorStateException if this lock is not held
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the given condition is
* not associated with this lock
* @throws NullPointerException if the condition is null
*/
protected Collection<Thread> getWaitingThreads(Condition condition) {
if (condition == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (!(condition instanceof AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("not owner");
return sync.getWaitingThreads((AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.ConditionObject)condition);
}
/**
* Returns a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state.
* The state, in brackets, includes the String {@code "Write locks ="}
* followed by the number of reentrantly held write locks, and the
* String {@code "Read locks ="} followed by the number of held
* read locks.
*
* @return a string identifying this lock, as well as its lock state
*/
public String toString() {
int c = sync.getCount();
int w = Sync.exclusiveCount(c);
int r = Sync.sharedCount(c);
return super.toString() +
"[Write locks = " + w + ", Read locks = " + r + "]";
}
}
共享锁源码相关的代码如下：
public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
// ReentrantReadWriteLock的AQS对象
private final Sync sync;
protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
// 获取“共享锁”
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
// 如果线程是中断状态，则抛出一场，否则尝试获取共享锁。
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
// 尝试获取“共享锁”
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryReadLock();
}
// 在指定时间内，尝试获取“共享锁”
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
// 释放“共享锁”
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
// 新建条件
public Condition newCondition() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public String toString() {
int r = sync.getReadLockCount();
return super.toString() +
"[Read locks = " + r + "]";
}
}
说明：
①ReadLock中的sync是一个Sync对象，Sync继承于AQS类，即Sync就是一个锁
②ReentrantReadWriteLock中也有一个Sync对象，而且ReadLock中的sync和ReentrantReadWriteLock中的sync是对应关系，即ReentrantReadWriteLock和ReadLock共享同一个AQS对象，共享同一把锁，ReentrantReadWriteLock中Sync的定义如下：
final Sync sync;
获取共享锁
获取共享锁的思想(即lock函数的步骤)，是先通过tryAcquireShared()尝试获取共享锁。尝试成功的话，则直接返回；尝试失败的话，则通过doAcquireShared()不断的循环并尝试获取锁，若有需要，则阻塞等待。doAcquireShared()在循环中每次尝试获取锁时，都是通过tryAcquireShared()来进行尝试的。下面看看“获取共享锁”的详细流程：
1、lock()
lock()在ReadLock中，源码如下：
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
2、acquireShared()
Sync继承于AQS，acquireShared()定义在AQS中。源码如下：
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
说明：acquireShared()首先会通过tryAcquireShared()来尝试获取锁。尝试成功的话，则不再做任何动作(因为已经成功获取到锁了)。尝试失败的话，则通过doAcquireShared()来获取锁。doAcquireShared()会获取到锁之后才返回。
3、tryAcquireShared()
tryAcquireShared()定义在ReentrantReadWriteLock.java的Sync中，源码如下：
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
// 获取“锁”的状态
int c = getState();
// 如果“锁”是“互斥锁”，并且获取锁的线程不是current线程，则返回-1
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0 && getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
// 获取“读取锁”的共享计数
int r = sharedCount(c);
// 如果“不需要阻塞等待”，并且“读取锁”的共享计数小于MAX_COUNT；
// 则通过CAS函数更新“锁的状态”，将“读取锁”的共享计数+1。
if (!readerShouldBlock() && r < MAX_COUNT && compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
// 第1次获取“读取锁”
if (r == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
// 如果想要获取锁的线程(current)是第1个获取锁(firstReader)的线程
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
// HoldCounter是用来统计该线程获取“读取锁”的次数
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
cachedHoldCounter = rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
// 将该线程获取“读取锁”的次数+1
rh.count++;
}
return 1;
}
return fullTryAcquireShared(current);
}
说明：tryAcquireShared()的作用是尝试获取“共享锁”。如果在尝试获取锁时，“不需要阻塞等待”并且“读取锁的共享计数小于MAX_COUNT”，则直接通过CAS函数更新“读取锁的共享计数”，以及将“当前线程获取读取锁的次数+1”。
否则，通过fullTryAcquireShared()获取读取锁。
4、fullTryAcquireShared()
fullTryAcquireShared()在ReentrantReadWriteLock中定义，源码如下：
final int fullTryAcquireShared(Thread current) {
HoldCounter rh = null;
for (;;) {
// 获取“锁”的状态
int c = getState();
// 如果“锁”是“互斥锁”，并且获取锁的线程不是current线程；则返回-1
if (exclusiveCount(c) != 0) {
if (getExclusiveOwnerThread() != current)
return -1;
// 如果“需要阻塞等待”:
// (01) 当“需要阻塞等待”的线程是第1个获取锁的线程的话，则继续往下执行
// (02) 当“需要阻塞等待”的线程获取锁的次数=0时，则返回-1。
} else if (readerShouldBlock()) {
// 如果想要获取锁的线程(current)是第1个获取锁(firstReader)的线程
if (firstReader == current) {
} else {
if (rh == null) {
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId()) {
rh = readHolds.get();
if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.remove();
}
}
// 如果当前线程获取锁的计数=0,则返回-1
if (rh.count == 0)
return -1;
}
}
// 如果“不需要阻塞等待”，则获取“读取锁”的共享统计数；
// 如果共享统计数超过MAX_COUNT，则抛出异常。
if (sharedCount(c) == MAX_COUNT)
throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
// 将线程获取“读取锁”的次数+1
if (compareAndSetState(c, c + SHARED_UNIT)) {
// 如果是第1次获取“读取锁”，则更新firstReader和firstReaderHoldCount
if (sharedCount(c) == 0) {
firstReader = current;
firstReaderHoldCount = 1;
// 如果想要获取锁的线程(current)是第1个获取锁(firstReader)的线程，则将firstReaderHoldCount+1
} else if (firstReader == current) {
firstReaderHoldCount++;
} else {
if (rh == null)
rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
else if (rh.count == 0)
readHolds.set(rh);
// 更新线程的获取“读取锁”的共享计数
rh.count++;
cachedHoldCounter = rh; // cache for release
}
return 1;
}
}
}
说明：fullTryAcquireShared()会根据“是否需要阻塞等待”，“读取锁的共享计数是否超过限制”等等进行处理。如果不需要阻塞等待，并且锁的共享计数没有超过限制，则通过CAS尝试获取锁，并返回1。
5、doAcquireShared()
doAcquireShared()定义在AQS函数中，源码如下：
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
// addWaiter(Node.SHARED)的作用是，创建“当前线程”对应的节点，并将该线程添加到CLH队列中
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
for (;;) {
// 获取“node”的前一节点
final Node p = node.predecessor();
// 如果“当前线程”是CLH队列的表头，则尝试获取共享锁
if (p == head) {
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);
if (r >= 0) {
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
// 如果“当前线程”不是CLH队列的表头，则通过shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()判断是否需要等待，
// 需要的话，则通过parkAndCheckInterrupt()进行阻塞等待。若阻塞等待过程中，线程被中断过，则设置interrupted为true
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}
说明：doAcquireShared()的作用是获取共享锁。它会首先创建线程对应的CLH队列的节点，然后将该节点添加到CLH队列中。CLH队列是管理获取锁的等待线程的队列。如果“当前线程”是CLH队列的表头，则尝试获取共享锁；否则，则需要通过shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire()判断是否阻塞等待，需要的话，则通过parkAndCheckInterrupt()进行阻塞等待。doAcquireShared()会通过for循环，不断的进行上面的操作；目的就是获取共享锁。需要注意的是：doAcquireShared()在每一次尝试获取锁时，是通过tryAcquireShared()来执行的！
释放共享锁
释放共享锁的思想，是先通过tryReleaseShared()尝试释放共享锁。尝试成功的话，则通过doReleaseShared()唤醒“其他等待获取共享锁的线程”，并返回true；否则的话，返回flase。
1、unlock()
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
说明：该函数实际上调用releaseShared(1)释放共享锁
2、releaseShared()
releaseShared()在AQS中实现，源码如下：
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {
doReleaseShared();
return true;
}
return false;
}
说明：releaseShared()的目的是让当前线程释放它所持有的共享锁。它首先会通过tryReleaseShared()去尝试释放共享锁。尝试成功，则直接返回；尝试失败，则通过doReleaseShared()去释放共享锁。
3、tryReleaseShared()
tryReleaseShared()定义在ReentrantReadWriteLock中，源码如下：
protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
// 获取当前线程，即释放共享锁的线程。
Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
// 如果想要释放锁的线程(current)是第1个获取锁(firstReader)的线程，
// 并且“第1个获取锁的线程获取锁的次数”=1，则设置firstReader为null；
// 否则，将“第1个获取锁的线程的获取次数”-1。
if (firstReader == current) {
// assert firstReaderHoldCount > 0;
if (firstReaderHoldCount == 1)
firstReader = null;
else
firstReaderHoldCount--;
// 获取rh对象，并更新“当前线程获取锁的信息”。
} else {
HoldCounter rh = cachedHoldCounter;
if (rh == null || rh.tid != current.getId())
rh = readHolds.get();
int count = rh.count;
if (count <= 1) {
readHolds.remove();
if (count <= 0)
throw unmatchedUnlockException();
}
--rh.count;
}
for (;;) {
// 获取锁的状态
int c = getState();
// 将锁的获取次数-1。
int nextc = c - SHARED_UNIT;
// 通过CAS更新锁的状态。
if (compareAndSetState(c, nextc))
return nextc == 0;
}
}
说明：tryReleaseShared()的作用是尝试释放共享锁。
4、doReleaseShared()
doReleaseShared()定义在AQS中，源码如下：
private void doReleaseShared() {
for (;;) {
// 获取CLH队列的头节点
Node h = head;
// 如果头节点不为null，并且头节点不等于tail节点
if (h != null && h != tail) {
// 获取头节点对应的线程的状态
int ws = h.waitStatus;
// 如果头节点对应的线程是SIGNAL状态，则意味着“头节点的下一个节点所对应的线程”需要被unpark唤醒
if (ws == Node.SIGNAL) {
// 设置“头节点对应的线程状态”为空状态，失败的话，则继续循环
if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, Node.SIGNAL, 0))
continue;
// 唤醒“头节点的下一个节点所对应的线程”
unparkSuccessor(h);
}
// 如果头节点对应的线程是空状态，则设置“文件点对应的线程所拥有的共享锁”为其它线程获取锁的空状态
else if (ws == 0 &&
!compareAndSetWaitStatus(h, 0, Node.PROPAGATE))
continue; // loop on failed CAS
}
// 如果头节点发生变化，则继续循环。否则，退出循环
if (h == head) // loop if head changed
break;
}
}
说明：doReleaseShared()会释放“共享锁”。它会从前往后的遍历CLH队列，依次“唤醒”然后“执行”队列中每个节点对应的线程；最终的目的是让这些线程释放它们所持有的锁。
公平共享锁和非公平共享锁
和互斥锁ReentrantLock一样，ReadLock也分为公平锁和非公平锁。公平锁和非公平锁的区别，体现在判断是否需要阻塞的函数readerShouldBlock()是不同的。公平锁的readerShouldBlock()的源码如下：
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
在公平共享锁中，如果在当前线程的前面有其他线程在等待获取共享锁，则返回true；否则，返回false。
非公平锁的readerShouldBlock()的源码如下：
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
}
在非公平共享锁中，它会无视当前线程的前面是否有其他线程在等待获取共享锁。只要该非公平共享锁对应的线程不为null，则返回true。
ReentrantReadWriteLock示例
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReadWriteLock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
public class ReadWriteLockTest1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 创建账户
MyCount myCount = new MyCount("4238920615242830", 10000);
// 创建用户，并指定账户
User user = new User("Tommy", myCount);
// 分别启动3个“读取账户金钱”的线程 和 3个“设置账户金钱”的线程
for (int i=0; i<3; i++) {
user.getCash();
user.setCash((i+1)*1000);
}
}
}
class User {
private String name; //用户名
private MyCount myCount; //所要操作的账户
private ReadWriteLock myLock; //执行操作所需的锁对象
User(String name, MyCount myCount) {
this.name = name;
this.myCount = myCount;
this.myLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
}
public void getCash() {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
myLock.readLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" getCash start");
myCount.getCash();
Thread.sleep(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" getCash end");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
} finally {
myLock.readLock().unlock();
}
}
}.start();
}
public void setCash(final int cash) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
myLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" setCash start");
myCount.setCash(cash);
Thread.sleep(1);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" setCash end");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
} finally {
myLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
}.start();
}
}
class MyCount {
private String id; //账号
private int cash; //账户余额
MyCount(String id, int cash) {
this.id = id;
this.cash = cash;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getCash() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" getCash cash="+ cash);
return cash;
}
public void setCash(int cash) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +" setCash cash="+ cash);
this.cash = cash;
}
}
//结果
Thread-0 getCash start
Thread-2 getCash start
Thread-0 getCash cash=10000
Thread-2 getCash cash=10000
Thread-0 getCash end
Thread-2 getCash end
Thread-1 setCash start
Thread-1 setCash cash=1000
Thread-1 setCash end
Thread-3 setCash start
Thread-3 setCash cash=2000
Thread-3 setCash end
Thread-4 getCash start
Thread-4 getCash cash=2000
Thread-4 getCash end
Thread-5 setCash start
Thread-5 setCash cash=3000
Thread-5 setCash end
结果说明：
①观察Thread0和Thread-2的运行结果，我们发现，Thread-0启动并获取到“读取锁”，在它还没运行完毕的时候，Thread-2也启动了并且也成功获取到“读取锁”。因此，“读取锁”支持被多个线程同时获取。
②观察Thread-1,Thread-3,Thread-5这三个“写入锁”的线程。只要“写入锁”被某线程获取，则只有该线程运行完毕了，才释放该锁。因此，“写入锁”不支持被多个线程同时获取。
总结：
①在线程持有读锁的情况下，该线程不能再取得写锁(因为获取写锁的时候，如果发现当前的读锁被占用，就马上获取失败，不管读锁是不是被当前线程持有)。
②在线程持有写锁的情况下，该线程可以继续获取读锁(获取读锁时如果发现写锁被占用，只有写锁没有被当前线程占用的情况才会获取失败)。
原因：当线程获取读锁的时候，可能有其他线程同时也在持有读锁，因此不能把获取读锁的线程“升级”为写锁；而对于获得写锁的线程，它一定独占了读写锁，因此可以继续让它获取读锁，当它同时获取了写锁和读锁后，还可以先释放写锁继续持有读锁，这样一个写锁就“降级”为了读锁。
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