在Ubuntu16.04下安装Docker

• 确认系统信息
  -uname -r 查看内核版本信息
  cat /etc/os-release 查看发行版本的信息

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ uname -r
  4.15.0-122-generic
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ cat /etc/os-release 
  NAME="Ubuntu"
  VERSION="16.04.7 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
  ID=ubuntu
  ID_LIKE=debian
  PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS"
  VERSION_ID="16.04"
  HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
  SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
  BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
  VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
  UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial
  

安装Docker引擎的官方文档在：https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

• 卸载旧版的Docker

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  Package 'docker-engine' is not installed, so not removed
  Package 'docker' is not installed, so not removed
  Package 'containerd' is not installed, so not removed
  Package 'docker.io' is not installed, so not removed
  Package 'runc' is not installed, so not removed
  The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
    linux-headers-4.4.0-193 linux-headers-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-image-4.15.0-120-generic linux-image-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-193-generic
  Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
  0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  

• 安装一些依赖

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo apt-get update
  Hit:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  Hit:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease               
  Hit:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease             
  Hit:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  Hit:5 https://typora.io/linux ./ InRelease                    
  Hit:6 http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu xenial InRelease   
  Reading package lists... Done      
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo apt-get install \
  >     apt-transport-https \
  >     ca-certificates \
  >     curl \
  >     gnupg-agent \
  >     software-properties-common
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  apt-transport-https is already the newest version (1.2.32ubuntu0.1).
  ca-certificates is already the newest version (20201027ubuntu0.16.04.1).
  curl is already the newest version (7.47.0-1ubuntu2.16).
  gnupg-agent is already the newest version (2.1.11-6ubuntu2.1).
  software-properties-common is already the newest version (0.96.20.10).
  The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
    linux-headers-4.4.0-193 linux-headers-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-image-4.15.0-120-generic linux-image-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-193-generic
  Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
  0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  

• 添加Docker的GPG密钥

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
  OK
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
  pub   4096R/0EBFCD88 2017-02-22
        Key fingerprint = 9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
  uid                  Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
  sub   4096R/F273FCD8 2017-02-22
  
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo add-apt-repository \
  >    "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  >    $(lsb_release -cs) \
  >    stable"
  

• 安装Docker引擎

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo apt-get update
  Hit:1 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  Hit:2 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease               
  Hit:3 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease             
  Hit:4 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial InRelease                
  Hit:5 http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu xenial InRelease
  Hit:6 https://typora.io/linux ./ InRelease         
  Reading package lists... Done
  etc@etc-ruc:~$  sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
  Reading package lists... Done
  Building dependency tree       
  Reading state information... Done
  containerd.io is already the newest version (1.3.7-1).
  docker-ce-cli is already the newest version (5:19.03.13~3-0~ubuntu-xenial).
  docker-ce is already the newest version (5:19.03.13~3-0~ubuntu-xenial).
  The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
    linux-headers-4.4.0-193 linux-headers-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-image-4.15.0-120-generic linux-image-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-4.4.0-193-generic
    linux-modules-extra-4.15.0-120-generic linux-modules-extra-4.4.0-193-generic
  Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
  0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
  

• 查看当前docker安装是否成功

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ docker version
  Client: Docker Engine - Community
   Version:           19.03.13
   API version:       1.40
   Go version:        go1.13.15
   Git commit:        4484c46d9d
   Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:02:59 2020
   OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
   Experimental:      false
  Got permission denied while trying to connect to the Docker daemon socket at unix:///var/run/docker.sock: Get http://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fdocker.sock/v1.40/version: dial unix /var/run/docker.sock: connect: permission denied
  

• 出现一个权限错误，用户权限下使用Docker命令需要sudo，解决办法将当前用户添加到Docker用户组，添加成功后docker version正常显示其客户端和服务端的版本信息：

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker
  Adding user etc to group docker
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ newgrp docker
  etc@etc-ruc:~$ docker version
  Client: Docker Engine - Community
   Version:           19.03.13
   API version:       1.40
   Go version:        go1.13.15
   Git commit:        4484c46d9d
   Built:             Wed Sep 16 17:02:59 2020
   OS/Arch:           linux/amd64
   Experimental:      false
  
  Server: Docker Engine - Community
   Engine:
    Version:          19.03.13
    API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
    Go version:       go1.13.15
    Git commit:       4484c46d9d
    Built:            Wed Sep 16 17:01:30 2020
    OS/Arch:          linux/amd64
    Experimental:     false
   containerd:
    Version:          1.3.7
    GitCommit:        8fba4e9a7d01810a393d5d25a3621dc101981175
   runc:
    Version:          1.0.0-rc10
    GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
   docker-init:
    Version:          0.18.0
    GitCommit:        fec3683
  

• 实际上可以通过ps命令查看一下Docker，它是以Daemon（守护进程/服务）的形式在后台运行:

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ ps -axf|grep docker
  10381 pts/18   S+     0:00          |       \_ grep --color=auto docker
   1541 ?        Ssl    0:32 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
  

• 测试一下hello wolrd镜像：

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ sudo docker run hello-world
  
  Hello from Docker!
  This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
  
  To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
   1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
   2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
      (amd64)
   3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
      executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
   4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
      to your terminal.
  
  To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
   $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
  
  Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
   https://hub.docker.com/
  
  For more examples and ideas, visit:
   https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
  

• 查看Docker的镜像仓库：

  etc@etc-ruc:~$ docker images
  REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
  hello-world         latest              bf756fb1ae65        10 months ago       13.3kB