windows 下安装 perl 模块手记

首先，推荐一个很好的模块下载网站：http://search.cpan.org


今天在windows xp上安装了ActivePerl-5.12.2.1202-MSWin32-x86-293621.msi，在eclipse下打开项目，有好多地方提示错误都是因为本地没有安装相关的模块导致的，于是开始从上面的网站下载相关模板进行安装。


安装过程中遇到很多错，记录于此，希望能帮助到需要作类似操作的朋友。


网上也有说可以直接用PPM安装，类似于MS DOS>ppm install modelName，但我上班的地方，上网是通过代理的，不能在DOS命令下直接下载文件，所以，只好把相关的文件下载到本地再安装。

我的Perl安装目录：D:/Program Files/Perl
下面以安装Unicode::Map为例对碰到的问题一一解决。

1.在安装MinGW之前，会提示：
D:/Unicode-Map-0.112/Unicode-Map-0.112>perl Makefile.PL

It looks like you don't have a C compiler on your PATH, so you will not be
able to compile C or XS extension modules.  You can install GCC from the
MinGW package using the Perl Package Manager by running:

    ppm install MinGW

Unable to find a perl 5 (by these names: D:/Program Files/Perl/bin/perl.exe perl
.exe perl5.exe perl5.12.2.exe miniperl.exe, in these dirs: . D:/Program Files/Pe
rl/site/bin D:/Program Files/Perl/bin D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1/bin C:/W
INDOWS/system32 C:/WINDOWS C:/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem D:/Program Files/TortoiseSVN
/bin C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/ D:/Program Files/CodeS
mith/v5.2/ C:/Program Files/Common Files/Thunder Network/KanKan/Codecs D:/Progra
m Files/Perl/bin)
Writing Makefile for Unicode::Map

上面提到过，也可以直接用PPM安装需要的模板，如果网络畅通的话，比如通过命令：
D:/Unicode-Map-0.112/Unicode-Map-0.112>ppm install MinGW

2.下载MinGW，我下载的是mingw-get-inst-20101030.exe，安装，然后退出cmd窗口重新打开，再MakeFile.pl，这次得到的错误提示如下：
D:/Unicode-Map-0.112/Unicode-Map-0.112>perl Makefile.PL

It looks like you don't have a C compiler on your PATH, so you will not be
able to compile C or XS extension modules.  You can install GCC from the
MinGW package using the Perl Package Manager by running:

    ppm install MinGW

Unable to find a perl 5 (by these names: D:/Program Files/Perl/bin/perl.exe perl
.exe perl5.exe perl5.12.2.exe miniperl.exe, in these dirs: . D:/Program Files/Pe
rl/site/bin D:/Program Files/Perl/bin D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1/bin C:/W
INDOWS/system32 C:/WINDOWS C:/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem D:/Program Files/TortoiseSVN
/bin C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/ D:/Program Files/CodeS
mith/v5.2/ C:/Program Files/Common Files/Thunder Network/KanKan/Codecs D:/Progra
m Files/Perl/bin)
Writing Makefile for Unicode::Map

装了WinGW之后，没有设置环境变量，所以找不到GCC调用，会有上面的提示。

3.设置好后，错误提示又变了，如下：
Set up gcc environment - 4.5.0

It looks like you don't have either nmake.exe or dmake.exe on your PATH,
so you will not be able to execute the commands from a Makefile.  You can
install dmake.exe with the Perl Package Manager by running:

    ppm install dmake

Unable to find a perl 5 (by these names: D:/Program Files/Perl/bin/perl.exe perl
.exe perl5.exe perl5.12.2.exe miniperl.exe, in these dirs: . D:/Program Files/Pe
rl/site/bin D:/Program Files/Perl/bin D:/oracle/product/10.2.0/client_1/bin C:/W
INDOWS/system32 C:/WINDOWS C:/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem D:/Program Files/TortoiseSVN
/bin C:/Program Files/Microsoft SQL Server/90/Tools/binn/ D:/Program Files/CodeS
mith/v5.2/ C:/Program Files/Common Files/Thunder Network/KanKan/Codecs C:/MinGW/
bin C:/MinGW/lib/gcc/mingw32/4.5.0 D:/Program Files/Perl/bin)
Writing Makefile for Unicode::Map

windows下是没有made文件的，我下载了一个Dmade文件，链接如下：
http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/S/SH/SHAY/dmake-4.12-20090907-SHAY.zip
解压之后将路径添加到环境变量。

4.进行到上面的步骤之后，再MakeFile就可以了。
D:/Unicode-Map-0.112>perl Makefile.PL
Set up gcc environment - 4.5.0
Writing Makefile for Unicode::Map

但在dmake时，遇到下面的错误
D:/Unicode-Map-0.112>dmake
dmake:  Error: -- `D:/Program' not found, and can't be made


5.在网上搜了半天也没找到答案，差点儿都放弃了。查看编译好的文件Makefile（其实就是一个文本文件），看到有perl的安装的目录，而提示就是安装目录的前面部分，估计是安装目录带有空格，不能被dmake程序正确识别。
于是卸载Perl，重新安装到默认目录c:/perl，再dmake，成功！

6.总结
windows下安装perl模块，大部分都是下面的步骤：
        perl Makefile.PL
        dmake
        dmake test
        dmake install