在自己部署时发现网上很多Prometheus监控K8S的文章都有坑，所以这里结合了几个篇文章总结了下，最后有yaml文件
一、监控方案
- Cadvisor + node-exporter + prometheus + grafana
数据采集 ——> 汇总 ——> 处理、存储 ——> 展示
二、监控流程
-
容器监控：
Prometheus使用cadvisor采集容器监控指标，而
cadvisor集成在K8S的kubelet中所以无需部署，通过Prometheus进程存储，使用grafana进行展示 -
node节点监控：
node端的监控通过
node_exporter采集当前主机的资源，通过Prometheus进程存储，最后使用grafana进行展示 -
master节点监控：
master的监控通过
kube-state-metrics插件从K8S获取到apiserver的相关数据并通过网页页面暴露出来，然后通过Prometheus进程存储，最后使用grafana进行展示
三、Kubernetes监控指标
- K8S本身的监控指标
- node的资源利用率：监控node节点上的cpu、内存、硬盘等硬件资源
- node的数量：监控node数量与资源利用率、业务负载的比例情况，对成本、资源扩展进行评估
- pod的数量：监控当负载到一定程度时，node与pod的数量。评估负载到哪个阶段，大约需要多少服务器，以及每个pod的资源占用率，然后进行整体评估
- 资源对象状态：在K8S运行过程中，会创建很多pod、控制器、任务等，这些内容都是由K8S中的资源对象进行维护，所以我们可以对资源对象进行监控，获取资源对象的状态
- Pod的监控
- 每个项目中pod的数量：分别监控正常、有问题的pod数量
- 容器资源利用率：统计当前pod的资源利用率，统计pod中的容器资源利用率，结合cpu、网络、内存进行评估
- 应用程序：监控项目中程序的自身情况，例如并发、请求响应等
| 监控指标 | 具体实现 | 案例 |
|---|---|---|
| Pod性能 | cadvisor | 容器的CPU、内存利用率 |
| Node性能 | node-exporter | node节点的CPU、内存利用率 |
| K8S资源对象 | kube-state-metrics | pod、deployment、service |
四、服务发现：
- 从k8s的api中发现抓取的目标，并且始终与k8s集群状态保持一致。动态获取被抓取的目标，实时从api中获取当前状态是否存在
- 自动发现支持的组件
- node：自动发现集群中的node节点
- pod：自动发现运行的容器和端口
- service：自动发现创建的serviceIP、端口
- endpoints：自动发现pod中的容器
- ingress：自动发现创建的访问入口和规则
五、使用Prometheus监控Kubernetes
（1）部署前准备
[root@master ~]# git clone https://github.com/redhatxl/k8s-prometheus-grafana.git #这个仓库的yaml有几个错误，在本文章末尾已经改过来了，可以直接使用末尾的yaml文件
Cloning into 'k8s-prometheus-grafana'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 21, done.
remote: Total 21 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 21
Unpacking objects: 100% (21/21), done.
[root@master ~]# ll
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 94 Jul 12 16:07 k8s-prometheus-grafana #克隆的目录
#在所有节点提前下载镜像
[root@master ~]# docker pull prom/node-exporter
[root@master ~]# docker pull prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
[root@master ~]# docker pull grafana/grafana:6.1.4
（2）采用daemonset方式部署node-exporter
[root@master ~]# cd k8s-prometheus-grafana/
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 81 Jul 12 16:07 grafana
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 668 Jul 12 16:07 node-exporter.yaml
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 106 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 117 Jul 12 16:07 README.md
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# cat node-exporter.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- image: prom/node-exporter
name: node-exporter
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
protocol: TCP
name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 9100
nodePort: 31672
protocol: TCP
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: node-exporter
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl apply -f node-exporter.yaml
daemonset.apps/node-exporter created
service/node-exporter created
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default recycler-for-prometheus-data 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 5m42s
kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-m986g 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-xhknw 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 2 29h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-ln5f6 1/1 Running 0 26h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-zhq42 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system kube-proxy-9bssw 1/1 Running 0 26h
kube-system kube-proxy-wcdzk 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 3 29h
kube-system node-exporter-bnkm8 1/1 Running 0 2m19s #这就是新创建的
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get daemonset -A
NAMESPACE NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE NODE SELECTOR AGE
kube-system kube-flannel-ds 2 2 2 2 2 <none> 29h
kube-system kube-proxy 2 2 2 2 2 kubernetes.io/os=linux 29h
kube-system node-exporter 1 1 1 1 1 <none> 2m23s #这个是新的daemonset
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# kubectl get service -A
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 29h
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 29h
kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 2m29s #这是新的service
（3）部署Prometheus
[root@master k8s-prometheus-grafana]# cd prometheus/
[root@master prometheus]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5631 Jul 12 16:07 configmap.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1119 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus.deploy.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 237 Jul 12 16:07 prometheus.svc.yml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 716 Jul 12 16:07 rbac-setup.yaml
[root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f rbac-setup.yaml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus configured
serviceaccount/prometheus configured
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/prometheus configured
[root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f configmap.yaml
configmap/prometheus-config configured
[root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.deploy.yml
deployment.apps/prometheus created
[root@master prometheus]# kubectl apply -f prometheus.svc.yml
service/prometheus created
（4）部署grafana
[root@master prometheus]# cd ../grafana/
[root@master grafana]# ll
total 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1449 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-deploy.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-ing.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 225 Jul 12 16:07 grafana-svc.yaml
[root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-deploy.yaml
deployment.apps/grafana-core created
[root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-svc.yaml
service/grafana created
[root@master grafana]# kubectl apply -f grafana-ing.yaml
ingress.extensions/grafana created
（5）检查、测试
[root@master grafana]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default recycler-for-prometheus-data 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 2m7s
kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-m986g 1/1 Running 0 30h
kube-system coredns-7ff77c879f-xhknw 1/1 Running 0 30h
kube-system etcd-master 1/1 Running 0 30h
kube-system grafana-core-768b6bf79c-wcmk9 1/1 Running 0 2m48s
kube-system kube-apiserver-master 1/1 Running 0 30h
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master 1/1 Running 2 30h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-ln5f6 1/1 Running 0 26h
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-zhq42 1/1 Running 0 29h
kube-system kube-proxy-9bssw 1/1 Running 0 26h
kube-system kube-proxy-wcdzk 1/1 Running 0 30h
kube-system kube-scheduler-master 1/1 Running 3 30h
kube-system node-exporter-bnkm8 1/1 Running 0 18m
kube-system prometheus-7486bf7f4b-f8k6x 1/1 Running 0 7m12s
[root@master grafana]# kubectl get svc -A
NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 30h
kube-system grafana NodePort 172.16.198.56 <none> 3000:30931/TCP 5m15s #grafana端口30931
kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 30h
kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 22m #node-exporter端口31672
kube-system prometheus NodePort 172.16.176.125 <none> 9090:30003/TCP 9m12s #prometheus端口30003
- 访问
http://10.10.11.202:31672/metrics，这是node-exporter采集的数据
-
访问
http://10.10.11.202:30003，这是Prometheus的页面，依次点击Status——Targets可以看到已经成功连接到k8s的apiserver
-
访问
http://10.10.11.202:30931，这是grafana的页面，账户、密码都是admin
（6）grafana添加数据源、导入模板
- 添加数据源，点击add，点击Prometheus
- 依次进行设置，这里的URL需要注意：
URL需要写成，service.namespace:port 的格式，例如：
[root@master grafana]# kubectl get svc -A NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE default kubernetes ClusterIP 172.16.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 46h kube-system grafana NodePort 172.16.195.186 <none> 3000:30931/TCP 4m16s kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 172.16.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 46h kube-system node-exporter NodePort 172.16.201.35 <none> 9100:31672/TCP 17h kube-system prometheus NodePort 172.16.176.125 <none> 9090:30003/TCP 16h #以这里为例，namespace是kube-system,service是prometheus，pod端口是9090，那么最后的URL就是； http://prometheus.kube-system:9090
- 把K8S的Dashboard的模板导入
- 这里导入315模板等待一会会跳转，或者可以下载好json文件，然后复制到下面的文本框中，点击load
-
name自定义，uid可以为空，会自己生成，然后选择数据源，选择刚才创建的
Prometheus，最后点击import
-
最后，这是效果图
六、yaml文件内容
（1）node-exporter.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: kube-system
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- image: prom/node-exporter
name: node-exporter
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
protocol: TCP
name: http
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
k8s-app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 9100
nodePort: 31672
protocol: TCP
type: NodePort
selector:
k8s-app: node-exporter
（2）rbac-setup.yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
name: prometheus
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
resources:
- nodes
- nodes/proxy
- services
- endpoints
- pods
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups:
- extensions
resources:
- ingresses
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- nonResourceURLs: ["/metrics"]
verbs: ["get"]
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: prometheus
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
（3）configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-config
namespace: kube-system
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiservers'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-nodes'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics
- job_name: 'kubernetes-cadvisor'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: 'kubernetes-services'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: service
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: 'kubernetes-ingresses'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: ingress
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_scheme,__address__,__meta_kubernetes_ingress_path]
regex: (.+);(.+);(.+)
replacement: ${1}://${2}${3}
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: blackbox-exporter.example.com:9115
- source_labels: [__param_target]
target_label: instance
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_ingress_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_ingress_name]
target_label: kubernetes_name
- job_name: 'kubernetes-pods'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: pod
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
target_label: __address__
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_pod_name
（4）prometheus.deploy.yml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
name: prometheus-deployment
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
containers:
- image: prom/prometheus:v2.0.0
name: prometheus
command:
- "/bin/prometheus"
args:
- "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
- "--storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus"
- "--storage.tsdb.retention=24h"
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: "/prometheus"
name: data
- mountPath: "/etc/prometheus"
name: config-volume
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
limits:
cpu: 500m
memory: 2500Mi
serviceAccountName: prometheus
volumes:
- name: data
emptyDir: {}
- name: config-volume
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
（5）prometheus.svc.yml
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus
namespace: kube-system
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
nodePort: 30003
selector:
app: prometheus
（6）grafana-deploy.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: grafana-core
namespace: kube-system
labels:
app: grafana
component: core
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: grafana
component: core
spec:
containers:
- image: grafana/grafana:6.1.4
name: grafana-core
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
# env:
resources:
# keep request = limit to keep this container in guaranteed class
limits:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
env:
# The following env variables set up basic auth twith the default admin user and admin password.
- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "false"
# - name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
# value: Admin
# does not really work, because of template variables in exported dashboards:
# - name: GF_DASHBOARDS_JSON_ENABLED
# value: "true"
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /login
port: 3000
# initialDelaySeconds: 30
# timeoutSeconds: 1
#volumeMounts: #先不进行挂载
#- name: grafana-persistent-storage
# mountPath: /var
#volumes:
#- name: grafana-persistent-storage
#emptyDir: {}
（7）grafana-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
labels:
app: grafana
component: core
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 3000
selector:
app: grafana
component: core
（8）grafana-ing.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
rules:
- host: k8s.grafana
http:
paths:
- path: /
backend:
serviceName: grafana
servicePort: 3000
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