基于Android 7.1的AsyncTask原理分析

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-30 13:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-01-30 13:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： Android归纳文章标签： android asynctask 线程源码

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/s003603u/article/details/77870487

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对比一下AsyncTask在子线程和在主线程初始化的区别

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getCanonicalName();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        android.util.Log.e(TAG, "#onCreate, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                android.util.Log.e(TAG, "创建AsyncTask的子线程, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void onPreExecute() {
                        android.util.Log.e(TAG, "子线程内初始化AsyncTask #onPreExecute, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                        super.onPreExecute();
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
                        android.util.Log.e(TAG, "子线程内初始化AsyncTask #doInBackground, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                        return null;
                    }

                    @Override
                    protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                        android.util.Log.e(TAG, "子线程内初始化AsyncTask #onPostExecute, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                        super.onPostExecute(result);
                    }
                }.execute((Void) null);
            }
        }).start();

// Caused by: java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException: 
// Task android.os.AsyncTask$3@7c4920 rejected from  
// java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor@1f312d9
// [Running, pool size = 17, active threads = 17, queued tasks = 128, completed tasks = 0]

//        for(int i = 0;i<200;i++) {
//            new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
//                @Override
//                protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
//                    // do something
//                    try {
//                        Thread.sleep(3000);
//                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//                        e.printStackTrace();
//                    }
//                    return null;
//                }
//            }.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
//        }

        new AsyncTask<Void, Void, String>() {
            @Override
            protected void onPreExecute() {
                android.util.Log.e(TAG, "主线程内初始化AsyncTask #onPreExecute, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                super.onPreExecute();
            }

            @Override
            protected String doInBackground(Void... params) {
                android.util.Log.e(TAG, "主线程内初始化AsyncTask #doInBackground, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                return null;
            }

            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                android.util.Log.e(TAG, "主线程内初始化AsyncTask #onPostExecute, " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
                super.onPostExecute(result);
            }
        }.execute((Void) null);
    }
}

在子线程初始化的打印日志：

a2913717-1192-4efe-bb02-0e8788d8da5f

在主线程初始化的打印日志：

9751f010-fab9-46dc-b345-4de502510abf

总结：

AsyncTask里的Handler为InternalHandler，这里直接使用的主线程的Looper( super(Looper.getMainLooper());)，如果去看API 22以下的代码，会发现它没有这个构造函数，而是使用默认的；默认情况下，Handler会使用当前线程的Looper，如果你的AsyncTask是在子线程创建的，那么很不幸，你的onPreExecute和onPostExecute并非在UI线程执行，而是被Handler post到创建它的那个线程执行；如果你在这两个地方更新了UI，那么直接导致崩溃，API 25的代码其实稍微更近一步（通过上面案例日志分析），即使你在子线程中创建AsyncTask，onPostExecute也会在UI线程执行，但是onPreExecute还是在创建AsyncTask的线程中执行
所以归结为一点：为了避免不必要的麻烦，AsyncTask必须在主线程初始化，源码注释也是这么提示我们的
在Android 1.5刚引入的时候，AsyncTask的execute是串行执行的；到了Android 1.6直到Android 2.3.2，又被修改为并行执行了。Android 3.0以上，AsyncTask默认串行执行的
默认串行的设计是为了避免相同资源的同步访问问题
如果希望AsyncTask可以并行处理的话，可以使用executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR)
如果任务过多，超过了工作队列以及线程数目的限制导致这个线程池发生阻塞，默认的处理方式会直接抛出一个异常导致进程挂掉如上述案例模拟（当然可以重写AsyncTask，在executeOnExecutor中对exec.execute(mFuture)做保护，捕获RejectedExecutionException异常，这里可以同时做一个统计，如果出现问题，说明AsyncTask不适合这种场景，需要考虑重构，既然知道有此问题，最好主动避免涉及）

AsyncTask源码

这里是以API 25为例进行分析的：

public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
    private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";

    private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
    // 至少需要2个线程，最多需要4个线程在核心池中
    // 可以比CPU数量少一个，避免让所有的CPU都在处理后台工作
    // 这个计算方式不同版本表现不一样，早期是CPU+1
    private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
    private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
    private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;

    // 线程创建工厂
    private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
        private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
        }
    };

    // 工作队列长度为128
    private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
            new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
    // 可以用于并行执行任务的 Executor
    public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
    // THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR初始化
    static {
        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
                CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
        // 核心线程空闲允许超时处理 待遇同非核心线程
        threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
        THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
    }

    // 串行执行任务的Executor（按顺序每次同时只能执行一个任务）
    // 指定进程全局有效
    public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();

    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
    private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
    //默认串行执行 而非并行执行
    private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
    private static InternalHandler sHandler;

    private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
    private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;

    private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;

    private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
    private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();

    // SERIAL_EXECUTOR也使用THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR实现的
    // 只不过通过队列mTasks调度实现串行的控制
    private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
        final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
        Runnable mActive;

        public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
            mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    try {
                        r.run();
                    } finally {
                        scheduleNext();
                    }
                }
            });
            if (mActive == null) {
                scheduleNext();
            }
        }

        protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
            if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
                THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
            }
        }
    }

    public enum Status {
        PENDING,
        RUNNING,
        FINISHED,
    }

    private static Handler getHandler() {
        synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
            if (sHandler == null) {
                sHandler = new InternalHandler();
            }
            return sHandler;
        }
    }

    /** @hide */
    public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
        sDefaultExecutor = exec;
    }

    // 创建一个异步任务，构造函数必须在UI线程调用
    public AsyncTask() {
        mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
            public Result call() throws Exception {
                mTaskInvoked.set(true);
                Result result = null;
                try {
                    Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
                    //noinspection unchecked
                    result = doInBackground(mParams);
                    Binder.flushPendingCommands();
                } catch (Throwable tr) {
                    mCancelled.set(true);
                    throw tr;
                } finally {
                    postResult(result);
                }
                return result;
            }
        };

        mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
            @Override
            protected void done() {
                try {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
                            e.getCause());
                } catch (CancellationException e) {
                    postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
                }
            }
        };
    }

    private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
        final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
        if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
            postResult(result);
        }
    }

    private Result postResult(Result result) {
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
                new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
        message.sendToTarget();
        return result;
    }

    public final Status getStatus() {
        return mStatus;
    }

    @WorkerThread
    protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);

    @MainThread
    protected void onPreExecute() {
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
        onCancelled();
    }    

    @MainThread
    protected void onCancelled() {
    }

    public final boolean isCancelled() {
        return mCancelled.get();
    }

    public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
        mCancelled.set(true);
        return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
    }

    public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        return mFuture.get();
    }

    public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
            ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
        return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
    }

     // 基于指定参数执行任务 默认串行执行
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
        return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
    }

    //基于指定参数执行任务，可以自定义Executor，也可以直接使用THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
    @MainThread
    public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
            Params... params) {
        if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
            switch (mStatus) {
                case RUNNING:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task is already running.");
                case FINISHED:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
                            + " the task has already been executed "
                            + "(a task can be executed only once)");
            }
        }

        mStatus = Status.RUNNING;

        onPreExecute();

        mWorker.mParams = params;
        exec.execute(mFuture);

        return this;
    }

    //简易版 可以直接执行一个Runnable对象
    @MainThread
    public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
        sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
    }

    @WorkerThread
    protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
        if (!isCancelled()) {
            getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
                    new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
        }
    }

    private void finish(Result result) {
        if (isCancelled()) {
            onCancelled(result);
        } else {
            onPostExecute(result);
        }
        mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
    }

    private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
        public InternalHandler() {
            super(Looper.getMainLooper());
        }

        @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
                    // There is only one result
                    result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
                    break;
                case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
                    result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

    private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
        Params[] mParams;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
    private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
        final AsyncTask mTask;
        final Data[] mData;

        AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
            mTask = task;
            mData = data;
        }
    }
}