第四章中提到了通过CompressionCodec对streams进行压缩和解压缩,并提供了示例程序:
输入:标准输入流
输出:压缩后的标准输出流
原示例程序:
// cc StreamCompressor A program to compress data read from standard input and write it to standard output
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
// vv StreamCompressor
public class StreamCompressor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String codecClassname = args[0];
Class<?> codecClass = Class.forName(codecClassname);
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
CompressionCodec codec = (CompressionCodec)
ReflectionUtils.newInstance(codecClass, conf);
CompressionOutputStream out = codec.createOutputStream(System.out);
IOUtils.copyBytes(System.in, out, 4096, false);
out.finish();
}
}
// ^^ StreamCompressor
该实例程序通过CompressionCodec的createOutputStream(OutputStream out)方法获得CompressionOutputStream对象。
第12行因参数固定,可以直接写成String codecClassname="org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec";
即从命令行接受一个CompressionCodec实现类的参数,然后通过ReflectionUtils把实例化这个类,调用CompressionCodec的接口方法对标准输出流进行封装,封装成一个压缩流,通过IOUtils类的copyBytes方法把标准输入流拷贝到压缩流中,最后调用CompressionCodec的finish方法,完成压缩。
在hadoop集群的hadoop根目录下使用如下命令验证该程序(通过linux的gunzip完成解压缩):
$echo "Hello world" | hadoop jar xxxx.jar com.tht.hadoopIO.StreamCompressor org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec | gunzip -
下面对改程序做进一步修改:
一、更改输出路径:即标准输入流压缩后的存放位置。
输入:标准输入流
输出:压缩后的文件存放到HDFS上
示例代码如下:
package com.tht.hadoopIO;
import java.net.URI;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
//vv StreamCompressor
public class StreamCompressor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String codecClassname = "org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec";
String outputUri = "hdfs://master:9000/in/test.gz";
Class<?> codecClass = Class.forName(codecClassname);
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(outputUri), conf);
CompressionCodec codec = (CompressionCodec) ReflectionUtils
.newInstance(codecClass, conf);
CompressionOutputStream out = codec.createOutputStream(fs.create(new Path(outputUri)));
IOUtils.copyBytes(System.in, out, 4096, false);
out.finish();
}
}
// ^^ StreamCompressor
当然,在此路径outputUri:,,,/test.gz是指压缩后的文件存放位置和文件名及扩展名,如果改为...../test.txt.gz则指以.txt格式的压缩文件,后缀名是gz。
二、更改输入文件,即将输入文件路径定为HDFS上的文件。
输入:HDFS上存放文件
输出:压缩后的文件存放至HDFS上
示例代码如下:
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URI;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionOutputStream;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.ReflectionUtils;
//vv StreamCompressor
public class StreamCompressor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String codecClassname = "org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.GzipCodec";
String uri = "hdfs://master:9000/in/test.txt";
String outputUri = "hdfs://master:9000/in/test.txt.gz";
Class<?> codecClass = Class.forName(codecClassname);
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
FileSystem fs1 = FileSystem.get(URI.create(uri), conf);
FileSystem fs2 = FileSystem.get(URI.create(outputUri), conf);
CompressionCodec codec = (CompressionCodec) ReflectionUtils
.newInstance(codecClass, conf);
InputStream in =fs1.open(new Path(uri));
CompressionOutputStream out = codec.createOutputStream(fs2.create(new Path(outputUri)));
IOUtils.copyBytes(in, out, 4096, false);
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
// ^^ StreamCompressor
当然了,输入输出都可以以参数形式存在。即String uri = arg[0];String outputUri =arg[1];则在执行时须加入两个路径参数。在windows eclipse下开发时会出现警告:
13/08/10 00:03:49 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
但是,只要在hadoop集群中配置好了hadoop本地库,在此就没有什么影响,照常压缩。
解压缩:
如果你想读取一个被压缩的文件的话,首先你得先通过扩展名判断该用哪种codec,可以查找压缩对应关系,这样做起来比较麻烦。
//cc FileDecompressor A program to decompress a compressed file using a codec inferred from the file's extension
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URI;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodec;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.compress.CompressionCodecFactory;
//vv FileDecompressor
public class FileDecompressor {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// String uri = args[0];
String uri = "hdfs://master:9000/in/word.txt.gz";
Configuration conf = new Configuration();
FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(URI.create(uri), conf);
Path inputPath = new Path(uri);
CompressionCodecFactory factory = new CompressionCodecFactory(conf);
CompressionCodec codec = factory.getCodec(inputPath);
if (codec == null) {
System.err.println("No codec found for " + uri);
System.exit(1);
}
String outputUri = CompressionCodecFactory.removeSuffix(uri,
codec.getDefaultExtension());
InputStream in = null;
OutputStream out = null;
try {
in = codec.createInputStream(fs.open(inputPath));
out = fs.create(new Path(outputUri));
IOUtils.copyBytes(in, out, conf);
} finally {
IOUtils.closeStream(in);
IOUtils.closeStream(out);
}
}
}
// ^^ FileDecompressor
报警:
同样的,如果实在window下的eclipse中运行,将会报警(不影响程序正常运行):13/08/10 00:09:37 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
13/08/10 00:09:37 WARN snappy.LoadSnappy: Snappy native library not loaded
注:hadoop本地库不支持windows系统。