算法设计与分析-归并算法

归并排序算法是用分支策略对n个元素进项排序的算法，其思想就是对待排序的序列分成最优两个子序列，对左右两个子序列进项排序，一次递归，最后将排好序的左右子序列合并成有序序列。
时间复杂度分析.

算法需要将2个排好序的数组段到新的数组段中，然后由算法copy将合并后的数组在复制到a数组中，显然都是在O（N）的时间内完成的。故时间复杂度为nlongn。
动画演示排序过程

代码实现
c++版

void merge_sort_recursive(int arr[], int reg[], int start, int end) {
    if (start >= end)
        return;
    int len = end - start, mid = (len >> 1) + start;
    int start1 = start, end1 = mid;
    int start2 = mid + 1, end2 = end;
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start1, end1);
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, start2, end2);
    int k = start;
    while (start1 <= end1 && start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1] < arr[start2] ? arr[start1++] : arr[start2++];
    while (start1 <= end1)
        reg[k++] = arr[start1++];
    while (start2 <= end2)
        reg[k++] = arr[start2++];
    for (k = start; k <= end; k++)
        arr[k] = reg[k];
}

void merge_sort(int arr[], const int len) {
    int reg[len];
    merge_sort_recursive(arr, reg, 0, len - 1);
}

java版

public class MergeSort implements IArraySort {

    @Override
    public int[] sort(int[] sourceArray) throws Exception {
        // 对 arr 进行拷贝，不改变参数内容
        int[] arr = Arrays.copyOf(sourceArray, sourceArray.length);

        if (arr.length < 2) {
            return arr;
        }
        int middle = (int) Math.floor(arr.length / 2);

        int[] left = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, 0, middle);
        int[] right = Arrays.copyOfRange(arr, middle, arr.length);

        return merge(sort(left), sort(right));
    }

    protected int[] merge(int[] left, int[] right) {
        int[] result = new int[left.length + right.length];
        int i = 0;
        while (left.length > 0 && right.length > 0) {
            if (left[0] <= right[0]) {
                result[i++] = left[0];
                left = Arrays.copyOfRange(left, 1, left.length);
            } else {
                result[i++] = right[0];
                right = Arrays.copyOfRange(right, 1, right.length);
            }
        }

        while (left.length > 0) {
            result[i++] = left[0];
            left = Arrays.copyOfRange(left, 1, left.length);
        }

        while (right.length > 0) {
            result[i++] = right[0];
            right = Arrays.copyOfRange(right, 1, right.length);
        }

        return result;
    }

}