OkHttp3开发三部曲:
1、创建OkHttpClient,添加配置
2、创建请求
3、执行请求
下面分别来说说这三个步骤:
一、创建OkHttpClient
一个最简单的OkHttpClient
- OkHttpClient okHttpClient=new OkHttpClient.Builder().build();
- File cacheDir = new File(getCacheDir(), "okhttp_cache");
- //File cacheDir = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "okhttp");
- Cache cache = new Cache(cacheDir, 10 * 1024 * 1024);
- okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
- .connectTimeout(5*1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //链接超时
- .readTimeout(10*1000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //读取超时
- .writeTimeout(10*1000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS) //写入超时
- .addInterceptor(new HttpHeadInterceptor()) //应用拦截器:统一添加消息头
- .addNetworkInterceptor(new NetworkspaceInterceptor())//网络拦截器
- .addInterceptor(loggingInterceptor)//应用拦截器:打印日志
- .cache(cache) //设置缓存
- .build();
1、拦截器
两种拦截器:Interceptor(应用拦截器)、NetworkInterceptor(网络拦截器)
1)Interceptor比NetworkInterceptor先执行
2)同一种Interceptor倒序返回
A(start)----B(start)----B(end)----A(end)
因此上面配置的Interceptor执行顺序如下
HttpHeadInterceptor start----LoggingInterceptor start----LoggingInterceptor end---HttpHeadInterceptor end
3)日志拦截器
自定义日志拦截器
- public class LoggingInterceptor implements Interceptor {
- private static final String TAG="Okhttp";
- @Override public Response intercept(Interceptor.Chain chain) throws IOException {
- Request request = chain.request();
- long t1 = System.nanoTime();
- Log.d(TAG,String.format("Sending request %s on %s%n%s",
- request.url(), chain.connection(), request.headers()));
- Response response = chain.proceed(request);
- long t2 = System.nanoTime();
- Log.d(TAG,String.format("Received response for %s in %.1fms%n%s",
- response.request().url(), (t2 - t1) / 1e6d, response.headers()));
- MediaType mediaType = response.body().contentType();
- String content = response.body().string();
- Log.d(TAG,content);
- response=response.newBuilder()
- .body(ResponseBody.create(mediaType,content))
- .build();
- return response;
- }
- }
地址:https://github.com/victorfan336/okhttp-logging-interceptor
gradle.build中添加依赖:
compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.1.2'
使用
- HttpLoggingInterceptor logging = new HttpLoggingInterceptor();
- logging.setLevel(Level.BODY);//日志级别,Body级别打印的信息最全面
- OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
- .addInterceptor(logging)
- .build();
如果想修改参数,可通过
okHttpClient.newBuilder()修改,这样可以复用okHttpClient之前的所有配置,
比如想针对某个请求修改链接超时。
- OkHttpClient newClient=okHttpClient.newBuilder()
- .connectTimeout(10*1000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
- .build();
- newClient.newCall(req);
二、创建请求
通过Request.Builder创建请求,默认是Get请求
- Request req = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
- Call call=okHttpClient.newCall(req);
- Request req = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
- okHttpClient.newCall(req);
主要是构建RequestBody,并设置Content-Type消息头。
1、普通Post请求比如json请求
- RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("application/json"), jsonObject.toString());
- Request req = new Request.Builder().url(url)
- .post(requestBody)
- .build();
- okHttpClient.newCall(req);
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
比如:
- RequestBody requestBody =
- new FormBody.Builder()
- .add("username", "zhangsan")
- .add("password", "1111111")
- .build();
- Request req = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(uploadBody).build();
- okHttpClient.newCall(req);
Content-Type: multipart/form-data
比如:
- RequestBody uploadImg = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/jpeg"), file);
- MultipartBody uploadBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
- .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
- .addFormDataPart("username", "zhangsan")
- .addFormDataPart("password", "11111")
- .addFormDataPart("img", fileName, uploadImg)
- .build();
- Request req = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(uploadBody).build();
- okHttpClient.newCall(req);
三、执行请求
1、同步执行
- Response response = call.execute();
2、异步执行
- call.enqueue(new Callback() {
- @Override
- public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e) {
- //失败回调
- }
- @Override
- public void onResponse(Call call, Response response) throws IOException {
- //成功回调,当前线程为子线程,如果需要更新UI,需要post到主线程中
- boolean successful = response.isSuccessful();
- //响应消息头
- Headers headers = response.headers();
- //响应消息体
- ResponseBody body = response.body();
- String content=response.body().string());
- //缓存控制
- CacheControl cacheControl = response.cacheControl();
- }
- });
String content=response.body().string(); //获取字符串
InputStream inputStream = response.body().byteStream();//获取字节流(比如下载文件)
2)Callback回调是在子线程中执行的,如果要更新UI,请post到主线程中。
Okhttp使用上的一些缺点
1、对于Get请求,如果请求参数较多,自己拼接Url较为麻烦
比如
- HttpUrl httpUrl = new HttpUrl.Builder()
- .scheme("http")
- .host("www.baidu.com")
- .addPathSegment("user")
- .addPathSegment("login")
- .addQueryParameter("username", "zhangsan")
- .addQueryParameter("password","123456")
- .build();
如果能做一些封装,直接addParam(key,value)的形式则会简单很多。
2、Callback在子线程中回调,大部分时候,我们都是需要更新UI的,还需自己post到主线程中处理。
3、构建请求步骤比较多
因此,Square提供了针对OkHttp的封装库Retrofit,另外Github上也有很多第三方的封装库,比如OkGo。
https://github.com/square/okhttp/wiki
https://github.com/victorfan336/okhttp-logging-interceptor
http://www.jianshu.com/p/2710ed1e6b48
基于okhttp3的工具类HttpUtils
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.ToString;
import okhttp3.*;
import org.apache.commons.collections.MapUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import javax.ws.rs.NotSupportedException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
/**
* Created by admin on 2016/12/6.
*/
public class HttpUtils {
private final static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HttpUtils.class);
public final static String GET = "GET";
public final static String POST = "POST";
public final static String PUT = "PUT";
public final static String DELETE = "DELETE";
public final static String PATCH = "PATCH";
private final static String UTF8 = "UTF-8";
private final static String GBK = "GBK";
private final static String DEFAULT_CHARSET = UTF8;
private final static String DEFAULT_METHOD = GET;
private final static String DEFAULT_MEDIA_TYPE = javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON;
private final static boolean DEFAULT_LOG = false;
private final static OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
.connectionPool(new ConnectionPool(20, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
.readTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
.connectTimeout(20, TimeUnit.SECONDS).build();
public static void main(String[] args){
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("k", "v");
execute(OkHttp.builder().url("http://httpbin.org/get?k1=v1").method(GET).headerMap(map).queryMap(map).requestLog(true).responseLog(true).build());
execute(OkHttp.builder().url("http://httpbin.org/post?k1=v1").method(POST).data("{\"id\":\"1\"}").mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headerMap(map).queryMap(map).requestLog(true).responseLog(true).build());
execute(OkHttp.builder().url("http://httpbin.org/put?k1=v1").method(PUT).data("{\"id\":\"1\"}").mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headerMap(map).queryMap(map).requestLog(true).responseLog(true).build());
execute(OkHttp.builder().url("http://httpbin.org/delete?k1=v1").method(DELETE).data("{\"id\":\"1\"}").mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headerMap(map).queryMap(map).requestLog(true).responseLog(true).build());
execute(OkHttp.builder().url("http://httpbin.org/patch?k1=v1").method(PATCH).data("{\"id\":\"1\"}").mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).headerMap(map).queryMap(map).requestLog(true).responseLog(true).build());
}
/**
* GET请求
* @param url
* URL地址
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).build());
}
/**
* GET请求
* @param url
* URL地址
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url, String charset){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).responseCharset(charset).build());
}
/**
* 带查询参数的GET查询
* @param url
* URL地址
* @param queryMap
* 查询参数
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> queryMap){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).queryMap(queryMap).build());
}
/**
* 带查询参数的GET查询
* @param url
* URL地址
* @param queryMap
* 查询参数
* @return
*/
public static String get(String url, Map<String, String> queryMap, String charset){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).queryMap(queryMap).responseCharset(charset).build());
}
/**
* POST
* application/json
* @param url
* @param obj
* @return
*/
public static String postJson(String url, Object obj){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).method(POST).data(JSON.toJSONString(obj)).mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).build());
}
/**
* POST
* application/x-www-form-urlencoded
* @param url
* @param formMap
* @return
*/
public static String postForm(String url, Map<String, String> formMap){
String data = "";
if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(formMap)){
data = formMap.entrySet().stream().map(entry->String.format("%s=%s", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue())).collect(Collectors
.joining("&"));
}
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).method(POST).data(data).mediaType(javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED).build());
}
private static String post(String url, String data, String mediaType, String charset){
return execute(OkHttp.builder().url(url).method(POST).data(data).mediaType(mediaType).responseCharset(charset).build());
}
/**
* 通用执行方法
*/
private static String execute(OkHttp okHttp){
if(StringUtils.isBlank(okHttp.requestCharset)){
okHttp.requestCharset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(okHttp.responseCharset)){
okHttp.responseCharset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(okHttp.method)){
okHttp.method = DEFAULT_METHOD;
}
if(StringUtils.isBlank(okHttp.mediaType)){
okHttp.mediaType = DEFAULT_MEDIA_TYPE;
}
if(okHttp.requestLog){//记录请求日志
log.info(okHttp.toString());
}
String url =okHttp.url;
Request.Builder builder = new Request.Builder();
if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(okHttp.queryMap)){
String queryParams = okHttp.queryMap.entrySet().stream()
.map(entry -> String.format("%s=%s", entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()))
.collect(Collectors.joining("&"));
url = String.format("%s%s%s", url, url.contains("?")?"&":"?", queryParams);
}
builder.url(url);
if(MapUtils.isNotEmpty(okHttp.headerMap)){
okHttp.headerMap.forEach(builder::addHeader);
}
String method = okHttp.method.toUpperCase();
String mediaType = String.format("%s;charset=%s", okHttp.mediaType, okHttp.requestCharset);
if(StringUtils.equals(method, GET)){
builder.get();
}else if(ArrayUtils.contains(new String[]{POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH}, method)){
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse(mediaType), okHttp.data);
builder.method(method, requestBody);
}else{
throw new NotSupportedException(String.format("http method:%s not support!", method));
}
String result = "";
try {
Response response = client.newCall(builder.build()).execute();
byte[] bytes = response.body().bytes();
result = new String(bytes, okHttp.responseCharset);
if (okHttp.responseLog){//记录返回日志
log.info(String.format("Got response->%s",result));
}
}catch (Exception e){
log.error(okHttp.toString(), e);
}
return result;
}
@Builder
@ToString(exclude = {"requestCharset", "responseCharset", "requestLog", "responseLog" })
static class OkHttp{
private String url;
private String method = DEFAULT_METHOD;
private String data;
private String mediaType = DEFAULT_MEDIA_TYPE;
private Map<String, String> queryMap;
private Map<String, String> headerMap;
private String requestCharset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
private boolean requestLog = DEFAULT_LOG;
private String responseCharset = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
private boolean responseLog = DEFAULT_LOG;
}
}