在上一篇文章《如何正确实现一个后台(定时)任务》中有提到使用 LongRunning
Task 来优化后台任务始终保持在同一个线程上。
protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
{
return Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
{
while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
{
// Simulate some work
Console.WriteLine("HostServiceTest_A is doing work.");
LongTermTask();
await Task.Delay(1000, stoppingToken); // Delay for 1 second
}
Console.WriteLine("HostServiceTest_A task done.");
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
}
private void LongTermTask()
{
// Simulate some work
Console.WriteLine("LongTermTaskA is doing work.");
Thread.Sleep(30000);
}
但是被黑洞视界
大佬指出这个用法是错误的:以上用法并不能保证任务始终在同一个 Task
(线程) 上执行。原因是当碰到第一个 await
之后运行时会从 ThreadPool
中调度一个新的线程来执行后面的代码,而当前线程被释放。这个时候就不符合我们使用 LongRunning
的期望了。
在 .NET 中,Task.Factory.StartNew
提供了 TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning
选项,很多开发者会用它来启动长时间运行的任务,并且想当然的认为它会永远执行在同一个线程上。但是事实上当遇到 async
await
的时候并想象的那么简单。
下面我们还是通过一个错误的示例开始讲解如何正确的使用它。
错误用法
很多人会直接在 Task.Factory.StartNew
里传入一个 async
方法:
// See https://aka.ms/new-console-template for more information
Console.WriteLine("Hello, World!");
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(async () =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
var loopCount = 1;
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
await LongRunningJob();
Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
loopCount++;
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static async Task LongRunningJob()
{
Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
Console.ReadLine();
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 11
Start: loop count: 2, Thread id: 11
task doing. Thread id: 11
End: loop count: 2, Thread id: 11
可以看到,第一次循环后,线程 id 发生了变化。很明显 LongRunning
失效了。原因开篇已经讲了,不再赘述。
正确用法 1:同步方法
将 LongRunningJob
改为同步方法,避免异步切换线程:
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
var loopCount = 1;
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
LongRunningJob();
Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
loopCount++;
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static void LongRunningJob()
{
Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
线程 id 始终不变,说明始终运行在专用线程上。
正确用法 2:异步方法同步等待
如果必须用异步方法,可以用 .Wait()
让调用变为同步:
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
Console.WriteLine($"long running task starting. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
var loopCount = 1;
while (true)
{
Console.WriteLine($"\r\nStart: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
LongRunningJob().Wait();
Console.WriteLine($"End: loop count: {loopCount}, Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId} \r\n ");
loopCount++;
}
}, TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning);
static async Task LongRunningJob()
{
Console.WriteLine($"task doing. Thread id: {Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId}");
await Task.Delay(1000);
}
输出:
Hello, World!
long running task starting. Thread id: 12
Start: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
task doing. Thread id: 12
End: loop count: 1, Thread id: 12
总结
TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning
适用于同步、阻塞型任务。不要在
StartNew
里直接用async
方法。如果必须用异步方法,需同步等待(如
.Wait()
)。
希望本文能帮你正确理解和使用 LongRunning
任务!
最后,再次感谢黑洞视界
指出问题。如果对于这个问题大家希望了解更多,可以拜读大佬的这篇文章: https://www.cnblogs.com/eventhorizon/p/17497359.html