那一夜，练了把 JAVA EE 5 JPA……-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/s_ghost/article/details/5004057

买了本《EJB3 in Action》，好长时间了都没看……@_@

……

周日，忽然感觉很郁闷，就随手抽了本书看看，没想到是尘封N久的《EJB3 in Action》……

看看简介，看看目录，觉JPA很有意思，就翻到那章看了起来……

很认真的看完了，觉得很有收获，应该是理解差不多了。……夜晚已降临了，先吃点吧，晚上决定玩一把！

1、创建实体（标注很强大,有兴趣的可以查看相关EJB3的规范）

可以自己编写，也可由IDE直接生产，如下：

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package com.ex;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Basic;

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.Id;

import javax.persistence.NamedQueries;

import javax.persistence.NamedQuery;

import javax.persistence.Table;

import javax.persistence.Temporal;

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;

/**

* @author C

@Entity

@Table(name = "t_test")

@NamedQueries({@NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findAll", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findById", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.id = :id"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByName", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.name = :name"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByBirthday", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.birthday = :birthday"), @NamedQuery(name = "TTest.findByFavorite", query = "SELECT t FROM TTest t WHERE t.favorite = :favorite")})

public class TTest implements Serializable {

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

@Id

@Basic(optional = false)

@Column(name = "id")

private Integer id;

@Basic(optional = false)

@Column(name = "name")

private String name;

@Column(name = "birthday")

@Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)

private Date birthday;

@Column(name = "favorite")

private String favorite;

public TTest() {

}

public TTest(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public TTest(Integer id, String name) {

this.id = id;

this.name = name;

}

public Integer getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(Integer id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Date getBirthday() {

return birthday;

}

public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

this.birthday = birthday;

}

public String getFavorite() {

return favorite;

}

public void setFavorite(String favorite) {

this.favorite = favorite;

}

@Override

public int hashCode() {

int hash = 0;

hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0);

return hash;

}

@Override

public boolean equals(Object object) {

// TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set

if (!(object instanceof TTest)) {

return false;

}

TTest other = (TTest) object;

if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {

return false;

}

return true;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

return "com.ex.TTest[id=" + id + "]";

}

2、创建非容器性JPA应用测试

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package com.ex;

import java.util.Date;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;

import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import javax.persistence.PersistenceUnit;

/**

* @author C

public class JpaTest {

@PersistenceUnit(unitName = "NoJTAPU")

private EntityManagerFactory emf = null;

public JpaTest() {

emf = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("NoJTAPU");

}

public EntityManager getEntityManager() {

System.out.println("===========begin create EntityManager...");

System.out.println("===========EntityManagerFactory:========="+emf);

// return (EntityManager) PersistenceProvider.getEntityManagerSetupImpl("NoJTAPU");

return emf.createEntityManager();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

TTest te = new TTest();

te.setId(101);

te.setName("SOLO Cui");

te.setFavorite("D== Films killer");

te.setBirthday(new Date());

JpaTest jpa = new JpaTest();

EntityManager em = null;

try {

em = jpa.getEntityManager();

em.getTransaction().begin();

em.persist(te);

em.getTransaction().commit();

}catch(Exception ex){

System.out.println("=======Exception:"+ex.getMessage());

}finally{

if(em!=null){

em.close();

}

这里需要注意的是 em.getTransaction().begin()和em.getTransaction().commit()。Toplink的非容器性JPA应用，要自己管理事务，并需要最后关闭em和emf，以释放相关资源

3、编写Persistence.xml——持久化单元配置(我决的这里是关键点)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence-unit name="NoJTAPU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

<provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

<exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

</properties>

</persistence-unit>

</persistence>

重点说明:

3.1、本持久单元的配置文件在工程中，存放在源代码目录的META-INF下，机构形如下

-source

|-META-INF

|-persistence.xml

相关配置元素可参考http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd定义

3.2、配置元素<persistence-unit>可以有多个，必须有个名字，且需唯一，并指定ransaction-type的内容（JTA或RESOURCE_LOCAL），因为本测试并没放在容器中，所有只能配置为RESOURCE_LOCAL；

3.3、<provider>必须要有，JPA的实现；

3.4、<properties> 内容请参考Oracle的相关描述，具体参考http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/ias/toplink/JPA/essentials/toplink-jpa-extensions.html#TopLinkJDBC；

3.5、运行，成功！

4、总结

4.1、JPA很酷！！真的；

4.2、JPA的实现目前有4类（我知道的）：Eclipselink、Openjpa、Toplink以及Hibernate；< provider >的实现可以使用任意一种，这里用的是Toplink；

4.3、这里只是测试，没有在中间容器中运行，也就是说，如果在容器外应用JPA，和在容器内应用JPA一样简单高效；

4.4、持久化单元配置可以N多，并可针对不同数据库，就可对Oracle，也可对Mysql，只要简单配置、标准以下就可以了；

4.5、附送我的两个持久化单元的配置信息（容器性应用JPA和非容器JPA应用）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<persistence-unit name="NoJTAPU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">

<provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

<exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

</properties>

</persistence-unit>

<persistence-unit name="excenterPU" transaction-type="JTA">

<provider>oracle.toplink.essentials.PersistenceProvider</provider>

<jta-data-source>jdbc/excenter</jta-data-source>

<exclude-unlisted-classes>false</exclude-unlisted-classes>

</properties>

</persistence-unit>

</persistence>

4.5、学习心得，或可为他人借鉴，也给自己留个记忆。