java web(三)

从前面的项目我们可以看到有很多不方便的地方，比如web.xml要配置很多东西，还有PrintWriter要print好多html代码

精简web.xml

针对web.xml要配置很多东西，我们其实有更简单的方法：

• 使用后缀匹配模式修改web.xml
• 获取请求的资源路径，依据不同结果调用不同的分支操作类来完成操作。

具体操作是这样的：

1. 将所有对员工的操作写在一个类中

public class EmployeeDao {
    /**
     * 获得所有员工信息
     * @return
     */
    public List<Employee> findAll() {
        List<Employee> list = new ArrayList<Employee>();
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement perstat = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
            perstat = conn.prepareStatement("select * from t_emp");
            rs = perstat.executeQuery();
            while (rs.next()) {
                Employee emp = new Employee(rs.getInt("id"),
                        rs.getString("name"), rs.getString("salary"),
                        rs.getString("age"));
                list.add(emp);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            DBUtil.close(conn);
        }
        return list;
    }
/**
 * 根据id删除某员工信息
 * @param id
 */
    public void delete(int id) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement perstat = null;
        boolean rs = false;
        try{
            conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
            perstat = conn.prepareStatement("DELETE FROM t_emp WHERE id=?");
            perstat.setInt(1, id);
            rs = perstat.execute();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            DBUtil.close(conn);
        }
    }
/**
 * 插入员工数据
 * @param emp
 */
    public void save(Employee emp) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement perstat = null;
        try{
            conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
            perstat = conn.prepareStatement("INSERT INTO t_emp (name,"
                    + "salary,age) VALUES (?,?,?);");
            perstat.setString(1, emp.getName());
            perstat.setString(2, emp.getSalary());
            perstat.setString(3, emp.getAge());
            perstat.executeUpdate();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            DBUtil.close(conn);
        }
    }
/**
 * 根据id查找员工
 * @param id
 * @return
 */
    public Employee findById(int id) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement perstat = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        Employee emp = null;
        try{
            conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
            perstat = conn.prepareStatement("select * from t_emp where id=?");
            perstat.setInt(1, id);
            rs = perstat.executeQuery();
            if(rs.next()){
                emp = new Employee(rs.getInt("id"),
                        rs.getString("name"), rs.getString("salary"),
                        rs.getString("age"));
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            DBUtil.close(conn);
        }
        return emp;

    }
/**
 * 修改员工信息
 * @param emp
 */
    public void modify(Employee emp) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement perstat = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try{
            conn = DBUtil.getConnection();
            perstat = conn.prepareStatement("REPLACE INTO t_emp VALUES (?,?,?,?)");
            perstat.setInt(1, emp.getId());
            perstat.setString(2, emp.getName());
            perstat.setString(3, emp.getSalary());
            perstat.setString(4, emp.getAge());
            perstat.executeUpdate();
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            DBUtil.close(conn);
        }
    }
}

1. 将操作类单独写为一个类，通过对request的uri进行处理得到请求资源路径，并根据路径选取不同的分支操作。

//获取请求uri
String uri = request.getRequestURI();
//获取请求资源路径中除应用名之外的部分
String action = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/")+1,
        uri.lastIndexOf("."));

if(action.equals("list")){
...
} else if(action.equals("add")){
...
}...

3.需要注意的是，将删除和修改对应的href修改

<a href='load.do?id=xxx'>修改</a>

4.修改web.xml文件

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>emp.ActionServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>actionServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

web.xml整个变得很清爽了~

---

ServletContext

有的网站要获取访问量等，可以用到ServletContext
特点：

• 唯一性（一个web应用对应一个servlet）
• 一直存在(只要容器不关闭，应用没有被卸载删除，ServletContext就一直存在)

我们可以用getServletContext()方法获取ServletContext

下面一个简单的统计页面访问次数的代码
web.xml:

<!-- servletContext -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>count</param-name>
        <param-value>1000</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- servlet01 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ServletContext01</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>context.Context01Servlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ServletContext01</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet01</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- servlet02 -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ServletContext02</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>context.Context02Servlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ServletContext02</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet02</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

context.Context01Servlet

public class Context01Servlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();

        ServletContext context = getServletContext();
        Object count = context.getAttribute("count");
        if(count == null){
            context.setAttribute("count", context.getInitParameter("count"));
        }else{
            context.setAttribute("count", Integer.parseInt(count.toString())+1);
        }

        out.println("总浏览量为:"+context.getAttribute("count"));
    }

}

---

关于线程安全

多个用户访问同一个servlet时，也就意味着多个线程访问同一个servlet，这时，需要对代码块加锁。

synchronized (this) {
    count++;

    try {
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+";"+count);
}

---

完整项目请看github