cas中pgtiou的设计必要性

    最近在看CAS协议，看到PGTIOU发现好像很多余，既然单点信任cas，那么为什么不在验证ST的时候直接返回PGT？而是先返回PGUIOU，然后通过https pgturl回调得到PGTIOU，PGT？ 
    网上查了很多文章，发现抄袭的问题极为严重，都是一句话“设计为安全考虑，我将在下一章节介绍！”想请问高手，这样的设计到底是为了什么？适用场景是什么？如果不用，会有怎么样的安全隐患？ 
    有人说是怕直接返回PGT被监听，或是伪造ST去验证得到PGT后可以做许多事情，但是如果如果真的拿到了ST，pgturl也是可以伪造的，一样能得到PGT。再说，当请求PT的时候代理服务器也是要发送PGT的。

 

       后来还是在国外论坛上的一段话解释了这个问题：

"The pgtIou provides a way to associate the Proxy Granting Ticket with a 
ticket validation response without including the Proxy Granting Ticket 
directly in the response. The PGT is sent (via an HTTPS request from CAS 
server to proxy callback URL) alongside a pgtiou. That same pgtiou is 
returned in the ticket validation response." 

"I think maybe because it's very unsafe to include the Proxy Granting Ticket 
directly in the response." 

Correct.  How unsafe it is depends on whether the service is using https:// 
But the short version is that in theory the Adversary could obtain a service 
ticket (for instance, by knowing the end user's password).  The https:// 
callback guarantees that a Proxy Granting Ticket is associated with an 
https:// URL at which the proxy granting ticket recipient is capable of 
listening.  It leverages the server SSL certificate to authenticate the 
service to CAS for the purpose of receiving a Proxy Granting Ticket. 

Only YaleInfo can obtain a proxy granting ticket in the name of YaleInfo.  I 
cannot obtain a proxy granting ticket in the name of YaleInfo *even though I 
know my own username and password and can capture a service ticket intended 
for YaleInfo*. 

> But I think CAS Client can get the PGT directly from the "proxy callback\ 
URL". 

Maybe.  Certainly the instance of the CAS client library installed in 
YaleInfo can obtain the PGTs that YaleInfo receives.  This authenticates 
that CAS client instance as actually being connected to the web application 
listening at YaleInfo's SSL URL. 

> But in fact CAS Client must get the PGT through the PGTIOU obtained from 
XML document which was returned through the "ticket validation response" by 
CAS server. I think it's superfluous. 

The pgtiou is the key whereby the CAS client knows *which* PGT to associate 
with the user whose service ticket has just been validated. 

 

通过再次阅读cas的协议细则，发现PGTIOU设置非常合理和必要。

 

题外：

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