public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
new Thread(() -> {
list.add(UUID.randomUUID().toString().substring(8));
System.out.println(list);
}, String.valueOf(i)).start();
}
}
Exception in thread "16" java.util.ConcurrentModificationException
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.checkForComodification(ArrayList.java:909)
at java.util.ArrayList$Itr.next(ArrayList.java:859)
at java.util.AbstractCollection.toString(AbstractCollection.java:461)
at java.lang.String.valueOf(String.java:2994)
at java.io.PrintStream.println(PrintStream.java:821)
at com.suanfa.booking.SyncList.lambda$main$0(SyncList.java:19)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
java.util.ConcurrentModificationException 并发修改异常
导致原因:
并发争抢修改导致,一个人正在写入,另一个人过来抢,导致数据不一致异常
解决方法:
- 使用Vector
- 使用Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
- 使用CopyOnWriteArrayList
//java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lock();
try {
//写时复制
Object[] elements = getArray();
int len = elements.length;
Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
newElements[len] = e;
setArray(newElements);
return true;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
写时复制:
CopyOnWrite容器即写时复制容器。往一个容器添加元素的时候,不直接往当前容器object[]添加,而是先将当前容器Object[]进行copy,复制出一个新的容器Object[] newElements,然后往新的容器Object newElements里添加元素,添加完元素之后,再将原容器的引用指向新的容器setArray(newElements)。这样做的好处是可以对CopyOnWrite容器进行并发的读,而不需要加锁,因为当前容器不会添加任何元素,所以CopyOnWrite容器也是一种读写分离的思想,读和写不同的容器。
同上,也有
Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());
Set<String> set = new CopyOnWriteArraySet();
//HashSet 底层 HashMap
//CopyOnWriteArraySet 底层 CopyOnWriteArrayList
Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String>());
Map<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();