synchronized锁升级和降级

有人说，synchronized锁只能升级不能降级，对吗？

有人说无锁和偏向锁就看倒数第三位，对吗？

先转一张图

说明：无锁和偏向锁这两行，倒数第三位有一个争议，0和1究竟代表说明含义。有人说是0表示当前无锁，1表示当前是偏向锁。这个说法对不对呢？做实验开始

        <dependency>
			<groupId>org.openjdk.jol</groupId>
			<artifactId>jol-core</artifactId>
			<version>0.14</version>
		</dependency>

import org.openjdk.jol.info.ClassLayout;

import java.util.stream.IntStream;

public class SynchronizedTest {

    static Object yesLock;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(5000L);//偏向锁延迟4秒启动，此处等它5秒
        yesLock = new Object();
        System.out.println("无锁时对象布局：" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(yesLock).toPrintable());
        getLock("偏向锁");
        Thread.sleep(200L);
        getLock("轻量级锁");
        Thread.sleep(200L);
        IntStream.rangeClosed(1,2).forEach(i->{
            getLock("重量级锁");});
        Thread.sleep(2000L);
        System.out.println("无竞争之后，此时的对象布局：" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(yesLock).toPrintable());
        getLock("轻量级锁");//此时再来一次加锁
    }


    private static void getLock(final String expectLockLevel) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                synchronized (yesLock) {
                    System.out.println("线程[" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]" +
                            ":" + expectLockLevel + "状态对象布局:" + ClassLayout.parseInstance(yesLock).toPrintable());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }

}

看下结果：

无锁时对象布局：java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           05 00 00 00 (00000101 00000000 00000000 00000000) (5)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

线程[Thread-1]:偏向锁状态对象布局:java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           05 40 a5 69 (00000101 01000000 10100101 01101001) (1772437509)
      4     4        (object header)                           98 7f 00 00 (10011000 01111111 00000000 00000000) (32664)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

线程[Thread-2]:轻量级锁状态对象布局:java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           08 a9 23 02 (00001000 10101001 00100011 00000010) (35891464)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 70 00 00 (00000000 01110000 00000000 00000000) (28672)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

线程[Thread-3]:重量级锁状态对象布局:java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           3a d5 00 6c (00111010 11010101 00000000 01101100) (1811993914)
      4     4        (object header)                           98 7f 00 00 (10011000 01111111 00000000 00000000) (32664)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

线程[Thread-4]:重量级锁状态对象布局:java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           3a d5 00 6c (00111010 11010101 00000000 01101100) (1811993914)
      4     4        (object header)                           98 7f 00 00 (10011000 01111111 00000000 00000000) (32664)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

无竞争之后，此时的对象布局：java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           01 00 00 00 (00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000) (1)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

线程[Thread-5]:轻量级锁状态对象布局:java.lang.Object object internals:
 OFFSET  SIZE   TYPE DESCRIPTION                               VALUE
      0     4        (object header)                           08 a9 23 02 (00001000 10101001 00100011 00000010) (35891464)
      4     4        (object header)                           00 70 00 00 (00000000 01110000 00000000 00000000) (28672)
      8     4        (object header)                           e5 01 00 f8 (11100101 00000001 00000000 11111000) (-134217243)
     12     4        (loss due to the next object alignment)
Instance size: 16 bytes
Space losses: 0 bytes internal + 4 bytes external = 4 bytes total

该轮实验可以得出以下几个结论：

1、初始无锁状态下和首次偏向锁状态下，后三位都是101，那么倒数第三位根本就不是偏向锁的标记位了

2、所有的重量级锁释放后，会回归无锁状态，但此时后三位变成了001。此时再有一个线程获取锁，就直接获取轻量级，相当于偏向锁被禁用了

3、锁不是不能降级，而是正在使用中的锁不能降级。但只要发生过锁升级，偏向锁就会被禁用（说明当前运行环境是多线程的）

倒数第三位的含义应该是当前锁是否可以偏向：（001）不可以偏向，（101）可以偏向。那么如何判断当前锁101是无锁还是偏向锁呢？其实就看thread_id就行了

更多关于synchronized源码解读请移步以下地址，让你一次性解决所有疑惑。

https://www.cnblogs.com/kundeg/archive/2018/02/06/8422557.html

https://blog.csdn.net/yessimida/article/details/114270229