GDB 调试C++异常

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhenjing/archive/2011/06/01/gdb_fork.html

调试C++异常的两种办法：
1) 直接获取异常的相关调用函数，在相应函数处设置断点。
2) 利用gdb的catch throw/catch。(程序执行后，方有效)

如何获取C++调用函数信息？
写一个简单C++程序，让程序因异常而终止，bt查看调用栈，即可知道异常相关函数。

一个简单程序：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

#include <iostream> #include <string> // #include <exception> #include <stdexcept>   void  ter_handler(){      printf ( "custom handler\n" ); }   void  test(){      throw  std::runtime_error( "test function" ); }   int  main( int  argc, char ** argv) {      std::set_terminate(__gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler);      // std::set_terminate(ter_handler);        try {      // throw 5;      throw  std::runtime_error( "test error" );      }      catch (...){          printf ( "catch exception\n" );      }        test();      return  0; }

g++ -o test exception.cc
gdb ./test
Program received signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
0x0000003cf592e2ed in raise () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
(gdb) bt
#0 0x0000003cf592e2ed in raise () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
#1 0x0000003cf592fa3e in abort () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6
#2 0x0000003cf86b1138 in __gnu_cxx::__verbose_terminate_handler () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#3 0x0000003cf86af166 in __cxa_call_unexpected () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#4 0x0000003cf86af193 in std::terminate () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#5 0x0000003cf86af293 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
#6 0x0000000000400e9f in test ()
#7 0x0000000000400f9d in main ()

从上述调用栈，可以得知异常由__cxa_throw ()抛出，可在该函数处设置断点，从而得知“异常出自哪里”。

测试环境：
Linux bclnx64 2.6.9-34.ELsmp #1 SMP
GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (6.3.0.0-1.96rh)
Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

上述给出的获取异常调用函数信息的方法，应该和操作系统和调试器无关，其他平台类似。

1) 直接获取异常的相关调用函数，在相应函数处设置断点。
利用前一步骤的信息，直接b __cxa_throw，即可设置有效断点。

2) 利用gdb的catch throw/catch
该方法也很通用，但有一个需要注意的地方：在程序执行之前，catch throw/catch是无效的，需要在程序执行之后(先在main处设置断点)，使用catch throw才有效。

简单示例：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

nochen@bclnx64 ~/test$ gdb ./test GNU gdb Red Hat Linux (6.3.0.0-1.96rh) Copyright 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.   (gdb) b __cxa_throw Function "__cxa_throw"  not defined. Make breakpoint pending on future shared library load? (y or [n]) y Breakpoint 1 (__cxa_throw) pending. (gdb) r Starting program: /home/nochen/test/test (no debugging symbols found) Breakpoint 2 at 0x3cf86af230 Pending breakpoint "__cxa_throw"  resolved   Breakpoint 2, 0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (gdb) bt #0  0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 #1  0x0000000000400f5b in main () (gdb) c Continuing. catch  exception   Breakpoint 2, 0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (gdb) bt #0  0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 #1  0x0000000000400e9f in test () #2  0x0000000000400f9d in main () (gdb) c Continuing. terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::runtime_error'    what():  test function   Program received signal  SIGABRT, Aborted. 0x0000003cf592e2ed in raise  () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6 (gdb) q The program is running.  Exit anyway? (y or n) y   ===================================   nochen@bclnx64 ~/test$ gdb ./test (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x400ea4 (gdb) r Starting program: /home/nochen/test/test (no debugging symbols found)   Breakpoint 1, 0x0000000000400ea4 in main () (gdb) catch  throw Catchpoint 2 ( throw ) (gdb) c Continuing.   Catchpoint 2 (exception thrown) 0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (gdb) bt #0  0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 #1  0x0000000000400f5b in main () (gdb) c Continuing. catch  exception   Catchpoint 2 (exception thrown) 0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 (gdb) bt #0  0x0000003cf86af230 in __cxa_throw () from /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 #1  0x0000000000400e9f in test () #2  0x0000000000400f9d in main () (gdb) c Continuing. terminate called after throwing an instance of 'std::runtime_error'    what():  test function   Program received signal  SIGABRT, Aborted. 0x0000003cf592e2ed in raise  () from /lib64/tls/libc.so.6 (gdb)